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What is Free Evolution?<br><br>Free evolution is the notion that natural processes can cause organisms to evolve over time. This includes the creation of new species as well as the change in appearance of existing species.<br><br>Many examples have been given of this, such as different kinds of stickleback fish that can live in salt or fresh water, as well as walking stick insect varieties that prefer particular host plants. These mostly reversible traits permutations cannot explain fundamental changes to the body's basic plans.<br><br>Evolution through Natural Selection<br><br>The development of the myriad living organisms on Earth is a mystery that has fascinated scientists for many centuries. Charles Darwin's natural selection theory is the best-established explanation. This is because people who are more well-adapted are able to reproduce faster and longer than those who are less well-adapted. Over time, a community of well adapted individuals grows and eventually forms a whole new species.<br><br>Natural selection is an ongoing process that involves the interaction of three elements: variation, inheritance and reproduction. Variation is caused by mutations and sexual reproduction both of which increase the genetic diversity of the species. Inheritance refers to the passing of a person's genetic traits to their offspring which includes both recessive and  [http://8.138.173.146:3000/evolution1281 에볼루션 사이트] dominant alleles. Reproduction is the process of producing fertile, viable offspring. This can be done via sexual or asexual methods.<br><br>Natural selection is only possible when all of these factors are in harmony. If, for example, a dominant gene allele makes an organism reproduce and live longer than the recessive gene allele then the dominant allele will become more prevalent in a population. However, if the gene confers a disadvantage in survival or decreases fertility, it will be eliminated from the population. This process is self-reinforcing meaning that a species that has a beneficial trait will survive and reproduce more than one with a maladaptive trait. The more offspring an organism produces the more fit it is, which is measured by its ability to reproduce itself and live. People with good characteristics, such as the long neck of giraffes, or bright white patterns on male peacocks, are more likely than others to survive and reproduce and eventually lead to them becoming the majority.<br><br>Natural selection only acts on populations,  [https://021lyrics.com/index.php?title=14_Savvy_Ways_To_Spend_The_Remaining_Evolution_Gaming_Budget 에볼루션 바카라 무료] not on individual organisms. This is a major  [https://pubhis.w3devpro.com/mediawiki/index.php?title=Gebruiker:EdgarRidgeway46 에볼루션 바카라 무료] distinction from the Lamarckian theory of evolution which argues that animals acquire traits through use or  에볼루션바카라사이트, [https://nsproservices.co.uk/employer/evolution-korea/ continue reading this..], neglect. For example, if a giraffe's neck gets longer through reaching out to catch prey, its offspring will inherit a more long neck. The difference in neck size between generations will continue to increase until the giraffe is no longer able to reproduce with other giraffes.<br><br>Evolution through Genetic Drift<br><br>In genetic drift, the alleles at a gene may attain different frequencies within a population due to random events. At some point, only one of them will be fixed (become common enough that it can no more be eliminated through natural selection), and the rest of the alleles will drop in frequency. This can lead to dominance in the extreme. Other alleles have been basically eliminated and heterozygosity has decreased to zero. In a small population it could lead to the total elimination of the recessive allele. This is called a bottleneck effect, and it is typical of the kind of evolutionary process that occurs when a lot of individuals move to form a new group.<br><br>A phenotypic bottleneck may occur when the survivors of a disaster, such as an epidemic or a mass hunt, are confined into a small area. The surviving individuals will be mostly homozygous for  [https://watch-nest.online/@evolution3129?page=about 에볼루션 바카라사이트] 바카라 무료 - [https://liv07.com.np/@evolution3478?page=about Liv07.Com.Np] - the dominant allele meaning that they all have the same phenotype and therefore share the same fitness characteristics. This could be caused by war, earthquakes, or even plagues. Whatever the reason the genetically distinct population that remains is prone to genetic drift.<br><br>Walsh Lewens, Lewens, and Ariew employ a "purely outcome-oriented" definition of drift as any deviation from expected values for differences in fitness. They give the famous example of twins who are both genetically identical and share the same phenotype, but one is struck by lightning and dies, while the other lives to reproduce.<br><br>This kind of drift can be crucial in the evolution of an entire species. However, it's not the only way to evolve. The primary alternative is a process called natural selection, in which the phenotypic diversity of an individual is maintained through mutation and migration.<br><br>Stephens asserts that there is a significant difference between treating the phenomenon of drift as a force or cause, and considering other causes, such as migration and selection as forces and causes. Stephens claims that a causal mechanism account of drift allows us to distinguish it from these other forces, and this distinction is essential. He further argues that drift is a directional force: that is it tends to reduce heterozygosity, and that it also has a size, that is determined by the size of the population.<br><br>Evolution by Lamarckism<br><br>Students of biology in high school are often introduced to Jean-Baptiste Lemarck's (1744-1829) work. His theory of evolution is often called "Lamarckism" and it states that simple organisms develop into more complex organisms through the inheritance of characteristics that are a result of an organism's natural activities use and misuse. Lamarckism is typically illustrated with a picture of a giraffe extending its neck to reach the higher branches in the trees. This could cause the necks of giraffes that are longer to be passed on to their offspring who would then grow even taller.<br><br>Lamarck was a French Zoologist. In his opening lecture for his course on invertebrate Zoology at the Museum of Natural History in Paris on the 17th of May in 1802, he presented an original idea that fundamentally challenged the conventional wisdom about organic transformation. According to Lamarck, living things evolved from inanimate matter by a series of gradual steps. Lamarck wasn't the first to propose this, but he was widely regarded as the first to offer the subject a thorough and general treatment.<br><br>The most popular story is that Lamarckism grew into an opponent to Charles Darwin's theory of evolutionary natural selection and that the two theories battled it out in the 19th century. Darwinism eventually prevailed and led to the creation of what biologists call the Modern Synthesis. The theory denies that acquired characteristics are passed down from generation to generation and instead argues organisms evolve by the selective action of environment factors, such as Natural Selection.<br><br>Lamarck and his contemporaries supported the notion that acquired characters could be passed on to future generations. However, this notion was never a key element of any of their theories on evolution. This is partly because it was never tested scientifically.<br><br>But it is now more than 200 years since Lamarck was born and in the age of genomics, there is a large amount of evidence to support the heritability of acquired traits. This is also referred to as "neo Lamarckism", or more generally epigenetic inheritance. This is a variant that is as reliable as the popular Neodarwinian model.<br><br>Evolution through adaptation<br><br>One of the most common misconceptions about evolution is its being driven by a struggle for survival. This view is inaccurate and ignores other forces driving evolution. The struggle for survival is more precisely described as a fight to survive within a specific environment, which could include not just other organisms but as well the physical environment.<br><br>To understand how evolution operates it is important to consider what adaptation is. The term "adaptation" refers to any characteristic that allows living organisms to live in its environment and reproduce. It can be a physical structure, such as feathers or fur. Or it can be a characteristic of behavior such as moving into the shade during the heat, or coming out to avoid the cold at night.<br><br>An organism's survival depends on its ability to obtain energy from the environment and interact with other living organisms and their physical surroundings. The organism must possess the right genes for producing offspring, and be able to find sufficient food and resources. Furthermore, the organism needs to be capable of reproducing at an optimal rate within its environmental niche.<br><br>These factors, together with mutations and gene flow, can lead to changes in the proportion of different alleles in the gene pool of a population. As time passes, this shift in allele frequencies can result in the emergence of new traits and ultimately new species.<br><br>A lot of the traits we admire in animals and plants are adaptations, such as the lungs or gills that extract oxygen from the air, feathers or fur to protect themselves long legs to run away from predators, and camouflage for hiding. However, a thorough understanding of adaptation requires a keen eye to the distinction between physiological and behavioral characteristics.<br><br>Physical characteristics like large gills and thick fur are physical characteristics. The behavioral adaptations aren't an exception, for instance, the tendency of animals to seek companionship or to retreat into the shade in hot weather. Furthermore it is important to note that a lack of forethought does not make something an adaptation. Inability to think about the implications of a choice, even if it appears to be rational, may cause it to be unadaptive.