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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics studies the relationship between language and context. It addresses questions like What do people mean by the terms they use?<br><br>It's a way of thinking that focuses on the practical and sensible actions. It differs from idealism, which is the belief that one should stick to their principles regardless of the circumstances.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is how language users communicate and interact with each with one another. It is typically thought of as a part of the language however it differs from semantics in the sense that pragmatics examines what the user intends to convey, not what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a research field, pragmatics is relatively new and research in the area has grown rapidly in the last few decades. It is primarily an academic area of study within linguistics, but it also has an impact on research in other fields, such as speech-language pathology, psychology, sociolinguistics and the study of anthropology.<br><br>There are many different perspectives on pragmatics, and they have contributed to its growth and development. One is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which focuses on the notion of intention and its interaction with the speaker's knowledge about the listener's comprehension. Other perspectives on pragmatics include conceptual and lexical aspects of pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the variety of subjects that researchers studying pragmatics have researched.<br><br>The study of pragmatics has covered a broad variety of topics, including L2 pragmatic comprehension and request production by EFL students, as well as the role of the theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It has been applied to cultural and social phenomena such as political discourse, discriminatory speech and [https://modernbookmarks.com/story17913481/pragmatic-free-trial-101-a-complete-guide-for-beginners 무료슬롯 프라그마틱] [https://socialfactories.com/story3431113/pay-attention-watch-out-for-how-pragmatic-game-is-taking-over-and-what-can-we-do-about-it 프라그마틱 정품확인] - [https://dailybookmarkhit.com/story18130652/what-is-pragmatic-and-how-to-make-use-of-it https://dailybookmarkhit.Com], interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also employed various methods, from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C shows that the size of the knowledge base on pragmatics is different according to the database utilized. The US and the UK are two of the top performers in pragmatics research. However, their ranking is dependent on the database. This is due to the fact that pragmatics is an interconnected field that is inextricably linked with other disciplines.<br><br>It is therefore hard to classify the top pragmatics authors by the number of publications they have published. However it is possible to identify the most influential authors by examining their contributions to pragmatics. For example Bambini's contribution to the field of pragmatics is a pioneering concept such as conversational implicature, and politeness theory. Other highly influential authors in the field of pragmatics are Grice, Saul and Kasper.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on the users and contexts of language use instead of focusing on reference to truth, grammar, or. It examines the ways in which an phrase can be understood to mean different things in different contexts, including those caused by ambiguity or indexicality. It also focuses primarily on the strategies employed by listeners to determine if phrases have a message. It is closely related to the theory of conversative implicature which was first developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>While the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is a well-known and long-established one, there is much debate regarding the exact boundaries of these disciplines. For instance, some philosophers have argued that the notion of a sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics. Others have argued that this type of thing should be considered as a pragmatic issue.<br><br>Another area of controversy is whether the study of pragmatics should be considered to be a linguistics branch or as a component of philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an independent discipline and should be treated as part of linguistics alongside the study of phonology. Syntax, semantics, etc. Others, however, have argued that the study of pragmatics should be viewed as part of the philosophy of language since it examines the ways in which our concepts of the meanings and functions of language affect our theories of how languages work.<br><br>The debate has been fuelled by a handful of issues that are central to the study of pragmatism. For instance, some scholars have argued that pragmatics is not a discipline in and of itself since it studies the ways in which people interpret and use language, without being able to provide any information regarding what is actually being said. This kind of approach is called far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that this study should be considered an independent discipline since it studies how cultural and social factors influence the meaning and usage of language. This is called near-side pragmatics.<br><br>The field of pragmatics also focuses on the inferential nature and meaning of utterances, as well as the importance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining the meaning of what a speaker is expressing in the sentence. Recanati and Bach discuss these issues in greater detail. Both papers address the notions of the concept of saturation and free enrichment in the context of a pragmatic. These are crucial processes that influence the overall meaning an utterance.<br><br>What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on how context affects linguistic meaning. It focuses on how human language is used during social interaction as well as the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians.<br><br>Over the years, many theories of pragmatism have been developed. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, focus on the intention of communication of the speaker. Others, like Relevance Theory concentrate on the understanding processes that occur during the interpretation of utterances by hearers. Some pragmatics theories are merged with other disciplines, like cognitive science and philosophy.<br><br>There are also a variety of opinions on the boundary between semantics and [https://bookmarkalexa.com/story3481060/10-unexpected-pragmatic-tips 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료체험] pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that semantics and pragmatism are two different subjects. He argues semantics is concerned with the relationship of signs to objects they could or [https://pragmatic-kr88876.bloggactif.com/30659887/9-lessons-your-parents-teach-you-about-free-slot-pragmatic 프라그마틱 순위] might not denote whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers, including Bach and Harnish have suggested that pragmatics is a subfield of semantics. They distinguish between 'nearside' and 'far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics focuses on what is said, while far-side pragmatics focuses on the logical consequences of saying something. They claim that semantics is already determining the logical implications of an expression, whereas other pragmatics is determined by the pragmatic processes.<br><br>The context is among the most important aspects of pragmatics. This means that the same utterance can mean different things in different contexts, depending on things like indexicality and ambiguity. Discourse structure, beliefs of the speaker and intentions, and listener expectations can also change the meaning of a phrase.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is a matter of culture. This is because different cultures have their own rules about what is appropriate to say in different situations. In certain cultures, it's acceptable to make eye contact. In other cultures, it's considered rude.<br><br>There are many different views of pragmatics, and a lot of research is being conducted in this field. Some of the most important areas of research are computational and formal pragmatics theoretic and experimental pragmatics; cross-cultural and intercultural pragmatics; as well as clinical and experimental pragmatics.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Similar to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The pragmatics discipline is concerned with how meaning is communicated by the language used in its context. It evaluates the ways in which the speaker's intention and beliefs influence interpretation, with less attention paid to grammatical features of the utterance than on what is said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics is linked to other areas of the study of linguistics such as syntax and semantics or the philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years, the field of pragmatics developed in many different directions. These include computational linguistics as well as conversational pragmatics. There is a broad range of research conducted in these areas, addressing topics like the importance of lexical elements as well as the interaction between discourse and language, and the nature of the concept of meaning.<br><br>In the philosophical discussion of pragmatism, one of the major issues is whether it is possible to provide a thorough and systematic analysis of the interface between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers have argued that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is not well-defined, and that they are the same thing.<br><br>The debate between these two positions is often a tussle and scholars arguing that certain events are a part of either semantics or pragmatics. For instance certain scholars argue that if a statement has the literal truth-conditional meaning, it is semantics, while others believe that the fact that a statement may be interpreted in various ways is pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have adopted an alternative approach. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation for  [https://socialtechnet.com/story3442419/10-things-you-ve-learned-about-preschool-that-ll-help-you-with-pragmatic-korea 프라그마틱 카지노] a statement is just one of many possible interpretations, and that all of them are valid. This method is often referred to as "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Recent work in pragmatics has attempted to combine the concepts of semantics and far-side trying to understand the full range of possibilities for interpretation of a utterance by modeling how a speaker's beliefs and intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. The 2019 version combines an Gricean model of the Rational Speech Act framework, and technological advances developed by Franke and Bergen. The model predicts that listeners will have to entertain a myriad of exhausted interpretations of an speech that is a part of the universal FCI Any, and this is the reason why the exclusiveness implicature is so reliable when compared to other plausible implications.
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is a study of the relationship between language and context. It addresses questions like What do people mean by the words they use?<br><br>It's a philosophy that focuses on the practical and sensible actions. It differs from idealism which is the idea that one should stick to their beliefs regardless of what.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics examines the way that language users interact and communicate with one with one another. It is usually thought of as a part of the language however it differs from semantics in that pragmatics examines what the user intends to convey, not what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a research field the field of pragmatics is relatively new, and its research has grown rapidly over the last few decades. It is a linguistics-related academic field however, it has also had an impact on research in other fields like sociolinguistics, psychology and the field of anthropology.<br><br>There are a variety of ways to approach pragmatics that have contributed to the development and [https://techonpage.com/story3363375/14-cartoons-about-how-to-check-the-authenticity-of-pragmatic-that-will-brighten-your-day 프라그마틱 무료스핀] growth of this discipline. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics, that focuses on the concept of intention and how it interacts with the speaker's comprehension of the listener's. Conceptual and lexical perspectives on pragmatics are also perspectives on the topic. These perspectives have contributed to the variety of subjects that researchers studying pragmatics have studied.<br><br>Research in pragmatics has been focused on a wide range of subjects, including L2 pragmatic comprehension and request production by EFL learners and the role of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It can also be applied to social and cultural phenomena, like political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also used diverse methodologies that range from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C illustrates that the size of the knowledge base on pragmatics is different depending on the database utilized. The US and the UK are among the top contributors to pragmatics research, but their positions differ based on the database. This difference is due to the fact that pragmatics is multidisciplinary and intersects with other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to determine the top authors of pragmatics based on their publications only. It is possible to identify influential authors by looking at their contributions to pragmatics. For instance, Bambini's contribution to pragmatics has led to concepts such as conversational implicature, and politeness theory. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also highly influential authors of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and the users of language as opposed to the study of truth or reference, or grammar. It focuses on the ways that an phrase can be understood to mean various things depending on the context as well as those triggered by ambiguity or indexicality. It also focuses on the strategies employed by listeners to determine which utterances have a communicative intent. It is closely linked to the theory of conversational implicature which was developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>While the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is a well-known and established one, there is much debate about the precise boundaries of these fields. For example philosophers have suggested that the notion of a sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics, while others have argued that this type of thing should be considered as a pragmatic issue.<br><br>Another area of controversy is whether the study of pragmatics is a branch of linguistics or a part of the philosophy of language. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is an independent field and should be treated as part of linguistics alongside phonology. syntax,  [https://pragmatickr42086.weblogco.com/29853469/15-free-pragmatic-bloggers-you-should-follow 프라그마틱 무료스핀] semantics etc. Others have claimed that the study of pragmatics should be viewed as an aspect of philosophy of language because it examines the ways in which our beliefs about the meaning and uses of language affect our theories about how languages function.<br><br>The debate has been fuelled by a number of key issues that are fundamental to the study of pragmatism. For instance, some researchers have suggested that pragmatics isn't a discipline in and of itself since it examines the ways people interpret and use language without using any data about what actually gets said. This type of method is known as far-side pragmatics. Certain scholars have argued that this study should be considered as a discipline of its own because it examines how social and cultural influences affect the meaning and use of language. This is referred to as near-side pragmatics.<br><br>Other topics of discussion in pragmatics include the way we think about the nature of the interpretation of utterances as an inferential process, and the role that primary pragmatic processes play in the determining of what is being said by an individual speaker in a sentence. These are the issues more thoroughly discussed in the papers written by Recanati and Bach. Both papers address the notions of the concept of saturation and free enrichment of the pragmatic. These are significant pragmatic processes that influence the meaning of an utterance.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Different from Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics examines how context affects linguistic meaning. It examines the way humans use language in social interaction as well as the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists who specialize in pragmatics.<br><br>Over the years, a variety of theories of pragmatism have been proposed. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communicative intent of a speaker. Others, like Relevance Theory are focused on the processes of understanding that occur during the interpretation of utterances by hearers. Certain practical approaches have been put together with other disciplines such as cognitive science or philosophy.<br><br>There are also a variety of views on the borderline between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers, like Morris, believe that pragmatics and semantics are two separate topics. He asserts semantics is concerned with the relationship of signs to objects that they might or may not denote whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in the context.<br><br>Other philosophers, such as Bach and Harnish have suggested that pragmatism is an subfield within semantics. They differentiate between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concerns what is said, whereas far-side focuses on the logic implications of saying something. They argue that semantics already determines some of the pragmatics of an utterance, while other pragmatics are determined by pragmatic processes.<br><br>The context is one of the most important aspects of pragmatics. This means that the same phrase can mean different things in different contexts, depending on things such as indexicality and ambiguity. The structure of the conversation, the beliefs of the speaker and intentions, as well as expectations of the listener can alter the meaning of a word.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culture-specific. This is due to different cultures having their own rules about what is acceptable to say in various situations. For  [https://opensocialfactory.com/story17926881/a-delightful-rant-about-how-to-check-the-authenticity-of-pragmatic 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료체험] [https://pragmatickr-com10864.alltdesign.com/20-trailblazers-lead-the-way-in-free-pragmatic-49546472 프라그마틱 공식홈페이지] - [https://directory-star.com/listings12832510/10-facts-about-free-slot-pragmatic-that-can-instantly-put-you-in-an-optimistic-mood just click for source], example, it is acceptable in certain cultures to keep eye contact while it is rude in other cultures.<br><br>There are numerous perspectives on pragmatics, and a lot of research is being conducted in this area. There are a variety of areas of research, including formal and computational pragmatics as well as experimental and theoretical pragmatics, intercultural and cross pragmatics in linguistics, and clinical and experimentative pragmatics.<br><br>What is the relationship between free Pragmatics and to explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics is concerned with the way meaning is communicated through the language in a context. It evaluates the ways in which the speaker's intention and beliefs contribute to interpretation,  [https://test1.tlogsir.com/bbs/board.php?bo_table=free&wr_id=261009 프라그마틱 무료스핀] focusing less on grammaral characteristics of the expression instead of what is being said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics has a link to other areas of study of linguistics like syntax and semantics, or philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years the field of pragmatics has developed in various directions such as computational linguistics conversational pragmatics, and theoretical pragmatics. These areas are characterized by a broad range of research that addresses topics such as lexical features and the interaction between language, discourse, and meaning.<br><br>One of the most important issues in the philosophical debate of pragmatics is whether it is possible to have a rigorous, systematic account of the semantics/pragmatics interface. Some philosophers have argued that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have suggested that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is unclear and that semantics and pragmatics are in fact the identical.<br><br>The debate between these positions is usually a tussle, with scholars arguing that certain events fall under the umbrella of either pragmatics or semantics. Some scholars believe that if a statement carries a literal truth conditional meaning, it is semantics. Others contend that the fact that a statement could be read differently is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have taken a different view and argue that the truth-conditional meaning a utterance has is just one of the many ways in which an utterance may be interpreted and that all of these interpretations are valid. This method is often known as far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Recent work in pragmatics has tried to combine semantic and far side methods. It attempts to represent the entire range of interpretive possibilities for a speaker's utterance by illustrating the way in which the speaker's beliefs and intentions influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine the Gricean game theory model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts that listeners will be able to consider a variety of possible exhaustified versions of a speech that contains the universal FCI any and this is what makes the exclusivity implicature so strong when contrasted to other possible implicatures.

Latest revision as of 11:45, 7 February 2025

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is a study of the relationship between language and context. It addresses questions like What do people mean by the words they use?

It's a philosophy that focuses on the practical and sensible actions. It differs from idealism which is the idea that one should stick to their beliefs regardless of what.

What is Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics examines the way that language users interact and communicate with one with one another. It is usually thought of as a part of the language however it differs from semantics in that pragmatics examines what the user intends to convey, not what the actual meaning is.

As a research field the field of pragmatics is relatively new, and its research has grown rapidly over the last few decades. It is a linguistics-related academic field however, it has also had an impact on research in other fields like sociolinguistics, psychology and the field of anthropology.

There are a variety of ways to approach pragmatics that have contributed to the development and 프라그마틱 무료스핀 growth of this discipline. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics, that focuses on the concept of intention and how it interacts with the speaker's comprehension of the listener's. Conceptual and lexical perspectives on pragmatics are also perspectives on the topic. These perspectives have contributed to the variety of subjects that researchers studying pragmatics have studied.

Research in pragmatics has been focused on a wide range of subjects, including L2 pragmatic comprehension and request production by EFL learners and the role of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It can also be applied to social and cultural phenomena, like political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also used diverse methodologies that range from experimental to sociocultural.

Figure 9A-C illustrates that the size of the knowledge base on pragmatics is different depending on the database utilized. The US and the UK are among the top contributors to pragmatics research, but their positions differ based on the database. This difference is due to the fact that pragmatics is multidisciplinary and intersects with other disciplines.

This makes it difficult to determine the top authors of pragmatics based on their publications only. It is possible to identify influential authors by looking at their contributions to pragmatics. For instance, Bambini's contribution to pragmatics has led to concepts such as conversational implicature, and politeness theory. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also highly influential authors of pragmatics.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and the users of language as opposed to the study of truth or reference, or grammar. It focuses on the ways that an phrase can be understood to mean various things depending on the context as well as those triggered by ambiguity or indexicality. It also focuses on the strategies employed by listeners to determine which utterances have a communicative intent. It is closely linked to the theory of conversational implicature which was developed by Paul Grice.

While the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is a well-known and established one, there is much debate about the precise boundaries of these fields. For example philosophers have suggested that the notion of a sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics, while others have argued that this type of thing should be considered as a pragmatic issue.

Another area of controversy is whether the study of pragmatics is a branch of linguistics or a part of the philosophy of language. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is an independent field and should be treated as part of linguistics alongside phonology. syntax, 프라그마틱 무료스핀 semantics etc. Others have claimed that the study of pragmatics should be viewed as an aspect of philosophy of language because it examines the ways in which our beliefs about the meaning and uses of language affect our theories about how languages function.

The debate has been fuelled by a number of key issues that are fundamental to the study of pragmatism. For instance, some researchers have suggested that pragmatics isn't a discipline in and of itself since it examines the ways people interpret and use language without using any data about what actually gets said. This type of method is known as far-side pragmatics. Certain scholars have argued that this study should be considered as a discipline of its own because it examines how social and cultural influences affect the meaning and use of language. This is referred to as near-side pragmatics.

Other topics of discussion in pragmatics include the way we think about the nature of the interpretation of utterances as an inferential process, and the role that primary pragmatic processes play in the determining of what is being said by an individual speaker in a sentence. These are the issues more thoroughly discussed in the papers written by Recanati and Bach. Both papers address the notions of the concept of saturation and free enrichment of the pragmatic. These are significant pragmatic processes that influence the meaning of an utterance.

How is Free Pragmatics Different from Explanatory Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics examines how context affects linguistic meaning. It examines the way humans use language in social interaction as well as the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists who specialize in pragmatics.

Over the years, a variety of theories of pragmatism have been proposed. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communicative intent of a speaker. Others, like Relevance Theory are focused on the processes of understanding that occur during the interpretation of utterances by hearers. Certain practical approaches have been put together with other disciplines such as cognitive science or philosophy.

There are also a variety of views on the borderline between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers, like Morris, believe that pragmatics and semantics are two separate topics. He asserts semantics is concerned with the relationship of signs to objects that they might or may not denote whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in the context.

Other philosophers, such as Bach and Harnish have suggested that pragmatism is an subfield within semantics. They differentiate between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concerns what is said, whereas far-side focuses on the logic implications of saying something. They argue that semantics already determines some of the pragmatics of an utterance, while other pragmatics are determined by pragmatic processes.

The context is one of the most important aspects of pragmatics. This means that the same phrase can mean different things in different contexts, depending on things such as indexicality and ambiguity. The structure of the conversation, the beliefs of the speaker and intentions, as well as expectations of the listener can alter the meaning of a word.

Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culture-specific. This is due to different cultures having their own rules about what is acceptable to say in various situations. For 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료체험 프라그마틱 공식홈페이지 - just click for source, example, it is acceptable in certain cultures to keep eye contact while it is rude in other cultures.

There are numerous perspectives on pragmatics, and a lot of research is being conducted in this area. There are a variety of areas of research, including formal and computational pragmatics as well as experimental and theoretical pragmatics, intercultural and cross pragmatics in linguistics, and clinical and experimentative pragmatics.

What is the relationship between free Pragmatics and to explanatory Pragmatics?

The discipline of pragmatics is concerned with the way meaning is communicated through the language in a context. It evaluates the ways in which the speaker's intention and beliefs contribute to interpretation, 프라그마틱 무료스핀 focusing less on grammaral characteristics of the expression instead of what is being said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics has a link to other areas of study of linguistics like syntax and semantics, or philosophy of language.

In recent years the field of pragmatics has developed in various directions such as computational linguistics conversational pragmatics, and theoretical pragmatics. These areas are characterized by a broad range of research that addresses topics such as lexical features and the interaction between language, discourse, and meaning.

One of the most important issues in the philosophical debate of pragmatics is whether it is possible to have a rigorous, systematic account of the semantics/pragmatics interface. Some philosophers have argued that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have suggested that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is unclear and that semantics and pragmatics are in fact the identical.

The debate between these positions is usually a tussle, with scholars arguing that certain events fall under the umbrella of either pragmatics or semantics. Some scholars believe that if a statement carries a literal truth conditional meaning, it is semantics. Others contend that the fact that a statement could be read differently is a sign of pragmatics.

Other pragmatics researchers have taken a different view and argue that the truth-conditional meaning a utterance has is just one of the many ways in which an utterance may be interpreted and that all of these interpretations are valid. This method is often known as far-side pragmatics.

Recent work in pragmatics has tried to combine semantic and far side methods. It attempts to represent the entire range of interpretive possibilities for a speaker's utterance by illustrating the way in which the speaker's beliefs and intentions influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine the Gricean game theory model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts that listeners will be able to consider a variety of possible exhaustified versions of a speech that contains the universal FCI any and this is what makes the exclusivity implicature so strong when contrasted to other possible implicatures.