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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics examines the relationship between context and language. It asks questions like What do people really mean when they speak in terms?<br><br>It's a philosophy of practical and reasonable actions. It contrasts with idealism which is the belief that one should adhere to their beliefs regardless of what.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the ways that people who speak gain meaning from and each other. It is often viewed as a component of language, although it differs from semantics in that pragmatics studies what the user wants to convey rather than what the meaning actually is.<br><br>As a field of research, pragmatics is relatively young and its research has grown rapidly in the last few decades. It is a linguistics-related academic field however, it has also had an impact on research in other fields like sociolinguistics, psychology and the field of anthropology.<br><br>There are a variety of perspectives on pragmatics, which have contributed to its growth and development. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics which focuses on the notion of intention and how it interacts with the speaker's knowledge of the listener's understanding. Conceptual and lexical perspectives on pragmatics are also views on the topic. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of subjects that researchers in pragmatics have investigated.<br><br>Research in pragmatics has focused on a broad range of subjects that include L2 pragmatic comprehension, request production by EFL learners, and the role of theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It has been applied to social and cultural phenomena like political discourse, [https://www.metooo.com/u/66ea72d5129f1459ee6c2a90 무료슬롯 프라그마틱] discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Researchers studying pragmatics have employed a wide range of methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C illustrates that the size of the knowledge base for pragmatics differs according to the database used. The US and the UK are two of the top producers in the field of pragmatics research. However, their ranking is dependent on the database. This is because pragmatics is a multidisciplinary area that intersects other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to rank the top authors in pragmatics by the number of publications they have. However, it is possible to identify the most influential authors through analyzing their contributions to the field of pragmatics. For instance Bambini's contribution to the field of pragmatics is a pioneering concept like conversational implicature and politeness theory. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are the most influential authors of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on the users and contexts of language usage instead of focusing on reference grammar, truth, or. It focuses on the ways in which one expression can be interpreted as meaning various things depending on the context as well as those triggered by ambiguity or [https://www.google.dm/url?q=https://hsu-logan.technetbloggers.de/10-healthy-habits-to-use-pragmatic-slots-return-rate-1726644290 프라그마틱 슬롯 사이트] [https://tupalo.com/en/users/7491981 프라그마틱 무료] [https://maps.google.ae/url?q=https://house-massey-2.technetbloggers.de/20-questions-you-must-always-have-to-ask-about-pragmatic-free-trial-slot-buff-before-purchasing-it 프라그마틱 슬롯 사이트] ([https://jszst.com.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=4217061 Click on Jszst]) indexicality. It also focuses primarily on the strategies used by listeners to determine whether phrases have a message. It is closely linked to the theory of conversative implicature which was developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>While the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is a well-known and long-established one however, there is a lot of controversy regarding the exact boundaries of these fields. For example, some philosophers have argued that the concept of sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics while others have claimed that this sort of thing should be considered as a pragmatic problem.<br><br>Another issue is whether pragmatics is a branch of philosophy of languages or a branch of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is an autonomous discipline and should be considered a part of linguistics, along with the study of phonology. syntax, semantics etc. Others have argued that the study of pragmatics is a component of philosophy since it focuses on how our ideas about meaning and uses of languages influence our theories on how languages work.<br><br>There are several key aspects of the study of pragmatics that have fueled many of the debates. For example, some scholars have claimed that pragmatics isn't an academic discipline in its own right because it studies the ways in which people interpret and use language without necessarily using any data about what is actually being said. This kind of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars, however have argued that this study ought to be considered an academic discipline since it studies how social and cultural factors influence the meaning and usage of language. This is known as near-side pragmatism.<br><br>The field of pragmatics also discusses the inferential nature and meaning of utterances, as well as the role of primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker means in a sentence. These are topics that are more thoroughly discussed in the papers written by Recanati and Bach. Both papers address the notions of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment, which are important pragmatic processes in that they aid in shaping the meaning of an expression.<br><br>What is the difference between free and explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is how the context affects the meaning of linguistics. It studies the way that human language is used during social interaction as well as the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians.<br><br>Over the years, many different theories of pragmatism were developed. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, focus on the intention of communication of the speaker. Others, like Relevance Theory, focus on the understanding processes that occur during the interpretation of words by listeners. Some pragmatic approaches have been incorporated with other disciplines, like cognitive science or philosophy.<br><br>There are also a variety of views regarding the boundary between pragmatics and semantics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and  [http://www.daoban.org/space-uid-664636.html 프라그마틱 무료슬롯] semantics are two distinct topics. He says that semantics deals with the relationship of signs to objects that they could or may not denote, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the usage of words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers like Bach and Harnish have claimed that pragmatism is a subfield of semantics. They distinguish between 'nearside and far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics is concerned with what is said, whereas far-side focuses on the logical implications of a statement. They believe that semantics is already determining the logical implications of a statement, whereas other pragmatics is determined by the pragmatic processes.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is context dependent. This means that the same word could have different meanings in different contexts, based on things such as ambiguity and indexicality. Other factors that could alter the meaning of an utterance include discourse structure, speaker intentions and beliefs, as well as expectations of the listener.<br><br>A second aspect of pragmatics is its particularity to the culture. This is because different cultures have their own rules about what is appropriate to say in various situations. In certain cultures, it's polite to keep eye contact. In other cultures, it's considered rude.<br><br>There are many different perspectives on pragmatics and lots of research is being conducted in this area. The main areas of study are formal and computational pragmatics as well as experimental and theoretical pragmatics; intercultural and cross-linguistic pragmatics; clinical and experimental pragmatics.<br><br>How is free Pragmatics similar to explanation Pragmatics?<br><br>The linguistic discipline of pragmatics is concerned with how meaning is conveyed through the use of language in a context. It examines the ways in which the speaker's intention and beliefs contribute to interpretation, and focuses less on grammatical features of the utterance instead of what is being said. Pragmaticians are linguists who specialize on pragmatics. The subject of pragmatics is related to other areas of linguistics, such as syntax, semantics and the philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years, the field of pragmatics developed in many different directions. This includes computational linguistics and conversational pragmatics. These areas are distinguished by a broad range of research, which addresses issues like lexical characteristics and the interplay between discourse, language and meaning.<br><br>In the philosophical debate about pragmatism one of the most important questions is whether it's possible to provide a thorough and systematic account of the interface between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers have argued that it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics isn't well-defined and that they are the same thing.<br><br>The debate over these positions is usually a back and forth affair, with scholars arguing that particular instances fall under the umbrella of semantics or pragmatics. Some scholars say that if a statement carries the literal truth conditional meaning, it is semantics. Others believe that the possibility that a statement may be read differently is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have taken an alternative approach. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation for a statement is just one of the many possible interpretations and that all of them are valid. This approach is often described as "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Recent research in pragmatics has sought to combine semantic and far side methods. It tries to capture the entire range of interpretive possibilities for a speaker's utterance, by modeling the way in which the speaker's beliefs and intentions affect the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. The 2019 version incorporates an Gricean model of the Rational Speech Act framework, and technological advances developed by Franke and Bergen. This model predicts that the listeners will entertain a variety of possible exhaustified versions of a utterance that contains the universal FCI any and this is what makes the exclusiveness implicature so reliable when contrasted to other possible implicatures.
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is a study of the relationship between language and context. It addresses questions like What do people mean by the words they use?<br><br>It's a philosophy that focuses on the practical and sensible actions. It differs from idealism which is the idea that one should stick to their beliefs regardless of what.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics examines the way that language users interact and communicate with one with one another. It is usually thought of as a part of the language however it differs from semantics in that pragmatics examines what the user intends to convey, not what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a research field the field of pragmatics is relatively new, and its research has grown rapidly over the last few decades. It is a linguistics-related academic field however, it has also had an impact on research in other fields like sociolinguistics, psychology and the field of anthropology.<br><br>There are a variety of ways to approach pragmatics that have contributed to the development and [https://techonpage.com/story3363375/14-cartoons-about-how-to-check-the-authenticity-of-pragmatic-that-will-brighten-your-day 프라그마틱 무료스핀] growth of this discipline. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics, that focuses on the concept of intention and how it interacts with the speaker's comprehension of the listener's. Conceptual and lexical perspectives on pragmatics are also perspectives on the topic. These perspectives have contributed to the variety of subjects that researchers studying pragmatics have studied.<br><br>Research in pragmatics has been focused on a wide range of subjects, including L2 pragmatic comprehension and request production by EFL learners and the role of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It can also be applied to social and cultural phenomena, like political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also used diverse methodologies that range from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C illustrates that the size of the knowledge base on pragmatics is different depending on the database utilized. The US and the UK are among the top contributors to pragmatics research, but their positions differ based on the database. This difference is due to the fact that pragmatics is multidisciplinary and intersects with other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to determine the top authors of pragmatics based on their publications only. It is possible to identify influential authors by looking at their contributions to pragmatics. For instance, Bambini's contribution to pragmatics has led to concepts such as conversational implicature, and politeness theory. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also highly influential authors of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and the users of language as opposed to the study of truth or reference, or grammar. It focuses on the ways that an phrase can be understood to mean various things depending on the context as well as those triggered by ambiguity or indexicality. It also focuses on the strategies employed by listeners to determine which utterances have a communicative intent. It is closely linked to the theory of conversational implicature which was developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>While the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is a well-known and established one, there is much debate about the precise boundaries of these fields. For example philosophers have suggested that the notion of a sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics, while others have argued that this type of thing should be considered as a pragmatic issue.<br><br>Another area of controversy is whether the study of pragmatics is a branch of linguistics or a part of the philosophy of language. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is an independent field and should be treated as part of linguistics alongside phonology. syntax,  [https://pragmatickr42086.weblogco.com/29853469/15-free-pragmatic-bloggers-you-should-follow 프라그마틱 무료스핀] semantics etc. Others have claimed that the study of pragmatics should be viewed as an aspect of philosophy of language because it examines the ways in which our beliefs about the meaning and uses of language affect our theories about how languages function.<br><br>The debate has been fuelled by a number of key issues that are fundamental to the study of pragmatism. For instance, some researchers have suggested that pragmatics isn't a discipline in and of itself since it examines the ways people interpret and use language without using any data about what actually gets said. This type of method is known as far-side pragmatics. Certain scholars have argued that this study should be considered as a discipline of its own because it examines how social and cultural influences affect the meaning and use of language. This is referred to as near-side pragmatics.<br><br>Other topics of discussion in pragmatics include the way we think about the nature of the interpretation of utterances as an inferential process, and the role that primary pragmatic processes play in the determining of what is being said by an individual speaker in a sentence. These are the issues more thoroughly discussed in the papers written by Recanati and Bach. Both papers address the notions of the concept of saturation and free enrichment of the pragmatic. These are significant pragmatic processes that influence the meaning of an utterance.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Different from Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics examines how context affects linguistic meaning. It examines the way humans use language in social interaction as well as the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists who specialize in pragmatics.<br><br>Over the years, a variety of theories of pragmatism have been proposed. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communicative intent of a speaker. Others, like Relevance Theory are focused on the processes of understanding that occur during the interpretation of utterances by hearers. Certain practical approaches have been put together with other disciplines such as cognitive science or philosophy.<br><br>There are also a variety of views on the borderline between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers, like Morris, believe that pragmatics and semantics are two separate topics. He asserts semantics is concerned with the relationship of signs to objects that they might or may not denote whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in the context.<br><br>Other philosophers, such as Bach and Harnish have suggested that pragmatism is an subfield within semantics. They differentiate between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concerns what is said, whereas far-side focuses on the logic implications of saying something. They argue that semantics already determines some of the pragmatics of an utterance, while other pragmatics are determined by pragmatic processes.<br><br>The context is one of the most important aspects of pragmatics. This means that the same phrase can mean different things in different contexts, depending on things such as indexicality and ambiguity. The structure of the conversation, the beliefs of the speaker and intentions, as well as expectations of the listener can alter the meaning of a word.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culture-specific. This is due to different cultures having their own rules about what is acceptable to say in various situations. For  [https://opensocialfactory.com/story17926881/a-delightful-rant-about-how-to-check-the-authenticity-of-pragmatic 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료체험] [https://pragmatickr-com10864.alltdesign.com/20-trailblazers-lead-the-way-in-free-pragmatic-49546472 프라그마틱 공식홈페이지] - [https://directory-star.com/listings12832510/10-facts-about-free-slot-pragmatic-that-can-instantly-put-you-in-an-optimistic-mood just click for source], example, it is acceptable in certain cultures to keep eye contact while it is rude in other cultures.<br><br>There are numerous perspectives on pragmatics, and a lot of research is being conducted in this area. There are a variety of areas of research, including formal and computational pragmatics as well as experimental and theoretical pragmatics, intercultural and cross pragmatics in linguistics, and clinical and experimentative pragmatics.<br><br>What is the relationship between free Pragmatics and to explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics is concerned with the way meaning is communicated through the language in a context. It evaluates the ways in which the speaker's intention and beliefs contribute to interpretation,  [https://test1.tlogsir.com/bbs/board.php?bo_table=free&wr_id=261009 프라그마틱 무료스핀] focusing less on grammaral characteristics of the expression instead of what is being said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics has a link to other areas of study of linguistics like syntax and semantics, or philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years the field of pragmatics has developed in various directions such as computational linguistics conversational pragmatics, and theoretical pragmatics. These areas are characterized by a broad range of research that addresses topics such as lexical features and the interaction between language, discourse, and meaning.<br><br>One of the most important issues in the philosophical debate of pragmatics is whether it is possible to have a rigorous, systematic account of the semantics/pragmatics interface. Some philosophers have argued that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have suggested that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is unclear and that semantics and pragmatics are in fact the identical.<br><br>The debate between these positions is usually a tussle, with scholars arguing that certain events fall under the umbrella of either pragmatics or semantics. Some scholars believe that if a statement carries a literal truth conditional meaning, it is semantics. Others contend that the fact that a statement could be read differently is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have taken a different view and argue that the truth-conditional meaning a utterance has is just one of the many ways in which an utterance may be interpreted and that all of these interpretations are valid. This method is often known as far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Recent work in pragmatics has tried to combine semantic and far side methods. It attempts to represent the entire range of interpretive possibilities for a speaker's utterance by illustrating the way in which the speaker's beliefs and intentions influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine the Gricean game theory model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts that listeners will be able to consider a variety of possible exhaustified versions of a speech that contains the universal FCI any and this is what makes the exclusivity implicature so strong when contrasted to other possible implicatures.

Latest revision as of 11:45, 7 February 2025

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is a study of the relationship between language and context. It addresses questions like What do people mean by the words they use?

It's a philosophy that focuses on the practical and sensible actions. It differs from idealism which is the idea that one should stick to their beliefs regardless of what.

What is Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics examines the way that language users interact and communicate with one with one another. It is usually thought of as a part of the language however it differs from semantics in that pragmatics examines what the user intends to convey, not what the actual meaning is.

As a research field the field of pragmatics is relatively new, and its research has grown rapidly over the last few decades. It is a linguistics-related academic field however, it has also had an impact on research in other fields like sociolinguistics, psychology and the field of anthropology.

There are a variety of ways to approach pragmatics that have contributed to the development and 프라그마틱 무료스핀 growth of this discipline. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics, that focuses on the concept of intention and how it interacts with the speaker's comprehension of the listener's. Conceptual and lexical perspectives on pragmatics are also perspectives on the topic. These perspectives have contributed to the variety of subjects that researchers studying pragmatics have studied.

Research in pragmatics has been focused on a wide range of subjects, including L2 pragmatic comprehension and request production by EFL learners and the role of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It can also be applied to social and cultural phenomena, like political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also used diverse methodologies that range from experimental to sociocultural.

Figure 9A-C illustrates that the size of the knowledge base on pragmatics is different depending on the database utilized. The US and the UK are among the top contributors to pragmatics research, but their positions differ based on the database. This difference is due to the fact that pragmatics is multidisciplinary and intersects with other disciplines.

This makes it difficult to determine the top authors of pragmatics based on their publications only. It is possible to identify influential authors by looking at their contributions to pragmatics. For instance, Bambini's contribution to pragmatics has led to concepts such as conversational implicature, and politeness theory. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also highly influential authors of pragmatics.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and the users of language as opposed to the study of truth or reference, or grammar. It focuses on the ways that an phrase can be understood to mean various things depending on the context as well as those triggered by ambiguity or indexicality. It also focuses on the strategies employed by listeners to determine which utterances have a communicative intent. It is closely linked to the theory of conversational implicature which was developed by Paul Grice.

While the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is a well-known and established one, there is much debate about the precise boundaries of these fields. For example philosophers have suggested that the notion of a sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics, while others have argued that this type of thing should be considered as a pragmatic issue.

Another area of controversy is whether the study of pragmatics is a branch of linguistics or a part of the philosophy of language. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is an independent field and should be treated as part of linguistics alongside phonology. syntax, 프라그마틱 무료스핀 semantics etc. Others have claimed that the study of pragmatics should be viewed as an aspect of philosophy of language because it examines the ways in which our beliefs about the meaning and uses of language affect our theories about how languages function.

The debate has been fuelled by a number of key issues that are fundamental to the study of pragmatism. For instance, some researchers have suggested that pragmatics isn't a discipline in and of itself since it examines the ways people interpret and use language without using any data about what actually gets said. This type of method is known as far-side pragmatics. Certain scholars have argued that this study should be considered as a discipline of its own because it examines how social and cultural influences affect the meaning and use of language. This is referred to as near-side pragmatics.

Other topics of discussion in pragmatics include the way we think about the nature of the interpretation of utterances as an inferential process, and the role that primary pragmatic processes play in the determining of what is being said by an individual speaker in a sentence. These are the issues more thoroughly discussed in the papers written by Recanati and Bach. Both papers address the notions of the concept of saturation and free enrichment of the pragmatic. These are significant pragmatic processes that influence the meaning of an utterance.

How is Free Pragmatics Different from Explanatory Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics examines how context affects linguistic meaning. It examines the way humans use language in social interaction as well as the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists who specialize in pragmatics.

Over the years, a variety of theories of pragmatism have been proposed. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communicative intent of a speaker. Others, like Relevance Theory are focused on the processes of understanding that occur during the interpretation of utterances by hearers. Certain practical approaches have been put together with other disciplines such as cognitive science or philosophy.

There are also a variety of views on the borderline between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers, like Morris, believe that pragmatics and semantics are two separate topics. He asserts semantics is concerned with the relationship of signs to objects that they might or may not denote whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in the context.

Other philosophers, such as Bach and Harnish have suggested that pragmatism is an subfield within semantics. They differentiate between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concerns what is said, whereas far-side focuses on the logic implications of saying something. They argue that semantics already determines some of the pragmatics of an utterance, while other pragmatics are determined by pragmatic processes.

The context is one of the most important aspects of pragmatics. This means that the same phrase can mean different things in different contexts, depending on things such as indexicality and ambiguity. The structure of the conversation, the beliefs of the speaker and intentions, as well as expectations of the listener can alter the meaning of a word.

Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culture-specific. This is due to different cultures having their own rules about what is acceptable to say in various situations. For 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료체험 프라그마틱 공식홈페이지 - just click for source, example, it is acceptable in certain cultures to keep eye contact while it is rude in other cultures.

There are numerous perspectives on pragmatics, and a lot of research is being conducted in this area. There are a variety of areas of research, including formal and computational pragmatics as well as experimental and theoretical pragmatics, intercultural and cross pragmatics in linguistics, and clinical and experimentative pragmatics.

What is the relationship between free Pragmatics and to explanatory Pragmatics?

The discipline of pragmatics is concerned with the way meaning is communicated through the language in a context. It evaluates the ways in which the speaker's intention and beliefs contribute to interpretation, 프라그마틱 무료스핀 focusing less on grammaral characteristics of the expression instead of what is being said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics has a link to other areas of study of linguistics like syntax and semantics, or philosophy of language.

In recent years the field of pragmatics has developed in various directions such as computational linguistics conversational pragmatics, and theoretical pragmatics. These areas are characterized by a broad range of research that addresses topics such as lexical features and the interaction between language, discourse, and meaning.

One of the most important issues in the philosophical debate of pragmatics is whether it is possible to have a rigorous, systematic account of the semantics/pragmatics interface. Some philosophers have argued that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have suggested that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is unclear and that semantics and pragmatics are in fact the identical.

The debate between these positions is usually a tussle, with scholars arguing that certain events fall under the umbrella of either pragmatics or semantics. Some scholars believe that if a statement carries a literal truth conditional meaning, it is semantics. Others contend that the fact that a statement could be read differently is a sign of pragmatics.

Other pragmatics researchers have taken a different view and argue that the truth-conditional meaning a utterance has is just one of the many ways in which an utterance may be interpreted and that all of these interpretations are valid. This method is often known as far-side pragmatics.

Recent work in pragmatics has tried to combine semantic and far side methods. It attempts to represent the entire range of interpretive possibilities for a speaker's utterance by illustrating the way in which the speaker's beliefs and intentions influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine the Gricean game theory model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts that listeners will be able to consider a variety of possible exhaustified versions of a speech that contains the universal FCI any and this is what makes the exclusivity implicature so strong when contrasted to other possible implicatures.