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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the relationship between language, context and meaning. It poses questions such as: What do people really mean when they use words?<br><br>It's a philosophy of practical and reasonable actions. It's in contrast to idealism, which is the belief that you must always abide to your beliefs.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics examines the way that language users communicate and interact with each with one another. It is often thought of as a part of a language, but it differs from semantics in that it concentrates on what the user is trying to convey and not on what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a field of study the field of pragmatics is relatively new, and its research has been expanding rapidly over the last few decades. It is primarily an academic area of study within linguistics, but it also influences research in other fields, such as speech-language pathology, psychology, [https://www.google.st/url?q=https://jeppesen-borup.federatedjournals.com/the-best-pragmatic-experience-tricks-to-change-your-life 프라그마틱 플레이] 정품확인방법 ([https://arrowliquor2.bravejournal.net/15-pragmatic-benefits-everyone-needs-to-be-able-to https://arrowliquor2.Bravejournal.net/]) sociolinguistics, and anthropology.<br><br>There are a myriad of methods of pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this discipline. One perspective is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which is based primarily on the notions of intention and its interaction with the speaker's knowledge of the listener's comprehension. The lexical and concept perspectives on pragmatics are also views on the subject. These views have contributed to the wide range of topics that researchers in pragmatics have researched.<br><br>The study of pragmatics has covered a broad variety of topics, including L2 pragmatic comprehension and request production by EFL students, as well as the significance of the theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It can also be applied to social and cultural phenomena, like political discourse, discriminatory language, and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also employed diverse methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The size of the knowledge base in pragmatics is different according to the database used, as shown in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are among the top contributors to pragmatics research, however their positions differ based on the database. This is due to pragmatics being multidisciplinary and interspersed with other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to classify the top pragmatics authors based on their number of publications alone. However, it is possible to determine the most influential authors by examining their contributions to pragmatics. Bambini for instance, has contributed to pragmatics through concepts such as politeness theories and conversational implicititure. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also influential authors of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and the users of language than it is with truth or reference, or grammar. It focuses on how one word can be understood in different ways in different contexts. This includes ambiguity as well as indexicality. It also examines the strategies that listeners employ to determine which utterances are intended to be a communication. It is closely related to the theory of conversative implicature which was first developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>While the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is a well-known and long-established one There is a lot of controversy about the precise boundaries of these disciplines. For instance philosophers have suggested that the notion of a sentence's meaning is an aspect of semantics while others have claimed that this sort of thing should be considered as a pragmatic issue.<br><br>Another issue is whether pragmatics is a part of philosophy of language or a branch of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is a subject in its distinct from the other disciplines and should be treated as an independent part of linguistics alongside phonology, syntax semantics and more. Others have argued that the study of pragmatics is a part of philosophy because it deals with the way in which our beliefs about the meaning of language and how it is used influence our theories about how languages work.<br><br>This debate has been fueled by a handful of issues that are fundamental to the study of pragmatism. Some scholars have argued, for example, that pragmatics isn't a discipline in and of itself since it examines how people interpret and use language without necessarily referring to facts about what actually was said. This sort of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that this field ought to be considered an independent discipline because it studies how social and cultural influences influence the meaning and usage of language. This is known as near-side pragmatics.<br><br>The field of pragmatics also discusses the inferential nature and meaning of utterances, as well as the significance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker is saying in the sentence. Recanati and Bach examine these issues in more detail. Both papers discuss the notions the concept of saturation and free enrichment of the pragmatic. These are important pragmatic processes that shape the meaning of an utterance.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Different from Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of how context contributes to linguistic meaning. It studies the way that humans use language in social interaction and the relationship between the speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus on pragmatics.<br><br>Many different theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics focus on the communication intent of a speaker. Others, like Relevance Theory concentrate on the processes of understanding that occur during the interpretation of utterances by listeners. Some practical approaches have been put with other disciplines, such as philosophy or  [https://hikvisiondb.webcam/wiki/Kellyfreeman4948 라이브 카지노] cognitive science.<br><br>There are also a variety of views about the line between semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two distinct topics. He asserts semantics is concerned with the relationship between signs and objects they could or might not denote whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in a context.<br><br>Other philosophers such as Bach and Harnish have argued that pragmatism is a subfield within semantics. They differentiate between 'near-side and 'far-side' pragmatism. Near-side pragmatics concentrates on the words spoken, while far-side pragmatics focuses on the logical implications of saying something. They believe that semantics is already determining some of the pragmatics of an utterance, while other pragmatics is determined by the pragmatic processes.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is a context-dependent phenomenon. This means that a single word can have different meanings based on factors such as ambiguity or indexicality. Other elements that can alter the meaning of an expression include discourse structure, speaker intentions and beliefs, as well as listener expectations.<br><br>A second aspect of pragmatics is its particularity to the culture. This is because different cultures have their own rules about what is appropriate to say in different situations. For instance, it's acceptable in certain cultures to keep eye contact while it is rude in other cultures.<br><br>There are numerous perspectives on pragmatics and lots of research is being conducted in this area. There are many different areas of research, such as pragmatics that are computational and formal as well as experimental and theoretical pragmatics, cross and intercultural pragmatics in linguistics, and pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.<br><br>What is the relationship between Free Pragmatics and to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed by the language in a context. It analyzes the ways in which the speaker's intention and beliefs affect the interpretation, focusing less on the grammatical aspects of the speech instead of what is being said. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus on pragmatics. The topic of pragmatics is related to other areas of linguistics such as syntax, [https://bbs.pku.edu.cn/v2/jump-to.php?url=https://zenwriting.net/heightplier1/new-and-innovative-concepts-happening-with-pragmatic-korea 프라그마틱 슬롯 하는법] 순위 ([http://www.pcsq28.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=260025 http://www.Pcsq28.com/]) semantics, and philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent times the field of pragmatics has developed in many different directions. These include computational linguistics and conversational pragmatics. There is a variety of research that is conducted in these areas, addressing topics such as the significance of lexical features and the interaction between language and discourse, and the nature of the concept of meaning.<br><br>One of the main questions in the philosophical discussion of pragmatics is whether it is possible to develop an exhaustive, systematic view of the semantics/pragmatics interface. Some philosophers have claimed it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have claimed that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is not clear and that semantics and pragmatics are in fact the identical.<br><br>It is not uncommon for scholars to argue back and forth between these two positions, arguing that certain phenomena are either pragmatics or semantics. Some scholars argue that if a statement is interpreted with a literal truth conditional meaning, it's semantics. Others believe that the fact that a statement can be read differently is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have taken a different stance in arguing that the truth-conditional meaning a utterance has is only one of many ways in which an utterance may be interpreted, and that all of these ways are valid. This method is often referred to as "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Some recent research in pragmatics has tried to combine semantic and far-side approaches trying to understand the full range of possibilities of an utterance's interpretation by demonstrating how the speaker's beliefs and intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine the Gricean game theory model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts listeners will have to entertain a myriad of exhausted interpretations of an utterance that contains the universal FCI Any, and that is the reason why the exclusivity implicature is so strong compared to other plausible implications.
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics examines the relationship between language and context. It addresses issues like What do people mean by the terms they use?<br><br>It's a philosophy that focuses on the practical and sensible actions. It is in contrast to idealism which is the belief that one should stick to their principles regardless of what.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics examines how people who speak a language interact and communicate with each other. It is often seen as a part of a language, but it differs from semantics in that it concentrates on what the user is trying to communicate, not what the meaning is.<br><br>As a field of study it is comparatively new and research in the area has been expanding rapidly over the past few decades. It is a linguistics-related academic field however, it has also had an impact on research in other fields such as psychology, sociolinguistics and anthropology.<br><br>There are many different perspectives on pragmatics,  [https://www.google.st/url?q=https://telegra.ph/Why-Youll-Want-To-Find-Out-More-About-Pragmatic-Recommendations-09-15 프라그마틱 무료] which have contributed to its development and growth. One perspective is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which focuses primarily on the notions of intention and their interaction with the speaker's knowledge of the listener's comprehension. Conceptual and lexical approaches to pragmatics are likewise perspectives on the subject. These perspectives have contributed to the diversity of subjects that researchers studying pragmatics have investigated.<br><br>The study of pragmatics has covered a vast range topics, such as L2 pragmatic comprehension and request production by EFL students, and the significance of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It has been applied to cultural and social phenomena such as political speech,  [https://timeoftheworld.date/wiki/20_Fun_Informational_Facts_About_Pragmatic_Site 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료체험] discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Researchers studying pragmatics have employed various methods from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The amount of knowledge base in pragmatics varies according to the database, as illustrated in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are among the top researchers in pragmatics research, however their positions differ based on the database. This difference is due to the fact that pragmatics is multidisciplinary and [https://timeoftheworld.date/wiki/7_Little_Changes_That_Will_Make_An_Enormous_Difference_To_Your_Pragmatic_Korea 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료] intersects with other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to determine the top authors in pragmatics by the number of publications they have. However, it is possible to identify the most influential authors by examining their contributions to the field of pragmatics. Bambini for instance, has contributed to pragmatics by introducing concepts like politeness theories and conversational implicititure. Other authors who have been influential in the field of pragmatics include Grice, Saul and Kasper.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on the contexts and users of language use rather than focusing on reference, truth, or grammar. It examines how a single word can be understood in different ways in different contexts. This includes ambiguity and indexicality. It also focuses on strategies that listeners employ to determine if words are meant to be communicative. It is closely linked to the theory of conversative implicature, which was pioneered by Paul Grice.<br><br>While the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is a well-known and long-established one however, there is a lot of controversy regarding the exact boundaries of these fields. For instance philosophers have suggested that the concept of sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics while others have argued that this kind of thing should be viewed as a pragmatic problem.<br><br>Another issue is whether pragmatics is a subfield of philosophy of language or a subset of the study of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have argued that pragmatics is a field in its distinct from the other disciplines and should be considered an independent part of the field of linguistics along with syntax, phonology semantics, etc. Others, however, have claimed that the study of pragmatics should be considered an aspect of philosophy of language because it examines the ways in which our concepts of the meaning and uses of language affect our theories of how languages function.<br><br>There are a few major issues in the study of pragmatics that have been the source of much of this debate. Some scholars have suggested, for example, that pragmatics isn't a discipline in and of itself since it examines how people interpret and use language without necessarily referring back to facts about what was actually said. This kind of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Others, however, have argued that this study should be considered a field in its own right since it examines the manner in which the meaning and usage of language is influenced by social and cultural factors. This is known as near-side pragmatism.<br><br>Other areas of discussion in pragmatics include the way in which we understand the nature of utterance interpretation as an inferential process and the role that the primary pragmatic processes play in the determining of what is being said by the speaker in a particular sentence. Recanati and Bach discuss these topics in more in depth. Both papers explore the notions the concept of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment. These are crucial processes that help shape the meaning of utterances.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Different from Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on the way in which context influences the meaning of language. It evaluates how human language is used in social interaction, and the relationship between the speaker and the interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians.<br><br>Many different theories of pragmatics have been developed over time. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics focus on the communicative intent of the speaker. Others, like Relevance Theory are focused on the processes of understanding that occur during the interpretation of words by listeners. Some practical approaches have been put with other disciplines, such as philosophy or cognitive science.<br><br>There are also a variety of views on the borderline of semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two different subjects. He says that semantics deals with the relationship of signs to objects which they may or may not denote, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in a context.<br><br>Other philosophers, such as Bach and Harnish have claimed that pragmatism is a subfield of semantics. They differentiate between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics is concerned with what is said, whereas far-side focuses on the logic implications of a statement. They believe that semantics already determines the logical implications of a statement, whereas other pragmatics is determined by pragmatic processes.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is a context-dependent phenomenon. This means that the same utterance can have different meanings in different contexts, based on things such as indexicality and ambiguity. Other elements that can alter the meaning of an utterance include discourse structure, speaker intentions and beliefs, and listener expectations.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culture-specific. It is because each culture has its own rules regarding what is acceptable in various situations. For instance, it is acceptable in certain cultures to look at each other while it is rude in other cultures.<br><br>There are various perspectives on pragmatics and much research is being conducted in this field. There are a variety of areas of research, such as computational and formal pragmatics theoretic and experimental pragmatics, intercultural and cross pragmatics of language, as well as clinical and experimentative pragmatics.<br><br>What is the relationship between Free Pragmatics and to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics in linguistics is concerned with how meaning is conveyed by language use in context. It is less concerned with the grammatical structure that is used in the speech and more on what the speaker is actually saying. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics has a link to other areas of study of linguistics such as syntax and semantics, or philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent times, the field of pragmatics evolved in a variety of directions. This includes conversational pragmatics and computational linguistics. There is a wide range of research in these areas, which address issues such as the significance of lexical features and the interaction between language and discourse, and the nature of the concept of meaning.<br><br>In the philosophical discussion of pragmatics, one of the major questions is whether it is possible to give a precise and systematic account of the interface between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers have claimed that it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have claimed that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is ill-defined and that pragmatics and [http://zlyde.top/home.php?mod=space&uid=393089 프라그마틱 게임] semantics are really the identical.<br><br>It is not uncommon for scholars to go back and forth between these two positions, [https://instapages.stream/story.php?title=the-reasons-pragmatic-is-quickly-becoming-the-most-popular-trend-in-2024 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료체험] arguing that certain phenomena are either semantics or pragmatics. For instance certain scholars argue that if a statement has the literal truth-conditional meaning, it is semantics, whereas others believe that the fact that an expression may be interpreted in various ways is pragmatics.<br><br>Other researchers in pragmatics have taken an alternative route. They argue that the truth-conditional interpretation of a sentence is just one of many possible interpretations, and that they are all valid. This method is often referred to as "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Recent work in pragmatics has tried to integrate semantic and distant side methods. It attempts to represent the full range of interpretive possibilities for a speaker's utterance, by modeling the way in which the speaker's beliefs and intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine an Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technical innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts that the listeners will entertain a variety of possible exhaustified versions of a speech that contains the universal FCI any and this is what makes the exclusiveness implicature so robust as in comparison to other possible implicatures.

Revision as of 09:14, 7 January 2025

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics examines the relationship between language and context. It addresses issues like What do people mean by the terms they use?

It's a philosophy that focuses on the practical and sensible actions. It is in contrast to idealism which is the belief that one should stick to their principles regardless of what.

What is Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics examines how people who speak a language interact and communicate with each other. It is often seen as a part of a language, but it differs from semantics in that it concentrates on what the user is trying to communicate, not what the meaning is.

As a field of study it is comparatively new and research in the area has been expanding rapidly over the past few decades. It is a linguistics-related academic field however, it has also had an impact on research in other fields such as psychology, sociolinguistics and anthropology.

There are many different perspectives on pragmatics, 프라그마틱 무료 which have contributed to its development and growth. One perspective is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which focuses primarily on the notions of intention and their interaction with the speaker's knowledge of the listener's comprehension. Conceptual and lexical approaches to pragmatics are likewise perspectives on the subject. These perspectives have contributed to the diversity of subjects that researchers studying pragmatics have investigated.

The study of pragmatics has covered a vast range topics, such as L2 pragmatic comprehension and request production by EFL students, and the significance of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It has been applied to cultural and social phenomena such as political speech, 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료체험 discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Researchers studying pragmatics have employed various methods from experimental to sociocultural.

The amount of knowledge base in pragmatics varies according to the database, as illustrated in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are among the top researchers in pragmatics research, however their positions differ based on the database. This difference is due to the fact that pragmatics is multidisciplinary and 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료 intersects with other disciplines.

This makes it difficult to determine the top authors in pragmatics by the number of publications they have. However, it is possible to identify the most influential authors by examining their contributions to the field of pragmatics. Bambini for instance, has contributed to pragmatics by introducing concepts like politeness theories and conversational implicititure. Other authors who have been influential in the field of pragmatics include Grice, Saul and Kasper.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics focuses on the contexts and users of language use rather than focusing on reference, truth, or grammar. It examines how a single word can be understood in different ways in different contexts. This includes ambiguity and indexicality. It also focuses on strategies that listeners employ to determine if words are meant to be communicative. It is closely linked to the theory of conversative implicature, which was pioneered by Paul Grice.

While the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is a well-known and long-established one however, there is a lot of controversy regarding the exact boundaries of these fields. For instance philosophers have suggested that the concept of sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics while others have argued that this kind of thing should be viewed as a pragmatic problem.

Another issue is whether pragmatics is a subfield of philosophy of language or a subset of the study of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have argued that pragmatics is a field in its distinct from the other disciplines and should be considered an independent part of the field of linguistics along with syntax, phonology semantics, etc. Others, however, have claimed that the study of pragmatics should be considered an aspect of philosophy of language because it examines the ways in which our concepts of the meaning and uses of language affect our theories of how languages function.

There are a few major issues in the study of pragmatics that have been the source of much of this debate. Some scholars have suggested, for example, that pragmatics isn't a discipline in and of itself since it examines how people interpret and use language without necessarily referring back to facts about what was actually said. This kind of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Others, however, have argued that this study should be considered a field in its own right since it examines the manner in which the meaning and usage of language is influenced by social and cultural factors. This is known as near-side pragmatism.

Other areas of discussion in pragmatics include the way in which we understand the nature of utterance interpretation as an inferential process and the role that the primary pragmatic processes play in the determining of what is being said by the speaker in a particular sentence. Recanati and Bach discuss these topics in more in depth. Both papers explore the notions the concept of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment. These are crucial processes that help shape the meaning of utterances.

How is Free Pragmatics Different from Explanatory Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics focuses on the way in which context influences the meaning of language. It evaluates how human language is used in social interaction, and the relationship between the speaker and the interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians.

Many different theories of pragmatics have been developed over time. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics focus on the communicative intent of the speaker. Others, like Relevance Theory are focused on the processes of understanding that occur during the interpretation of words by listeners. Some practical approaches have been put with other disciplines, such as philosophy or cognitive science.

There are also a variety of views on the borderline of semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two different subjects. He says that semantics deals with the relationship of signs to objects which they may or may not denote, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in a context.

Other philosophers, such as Bach and Harnish have claimed that pragmatism is a subfield of semantics. They differentiate between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics is concerned with what is said, whereas far-side focuses on the logic implications of a statement. They believe that semantics already determines the logical implications of a statement, whereas other pragmatics is determined by pragmatic processes.

One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is a context-dependent phenomenon. This means that the same utterance can have different meanings in different contexts, based on things such as indexicality and ambiguity. Other elements that can alter the meaning of an utterance include discourse structure, speaker intentions and beliefs, and listener expectations.

Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culture-specific. It is because each culture has its own rules regarding what is acceptable in various situations. For instance, it is acceptable in certain cultures to look at each other while it is rude in other cultures.

There are various perspectives on pragmatics and much research is being conducted in this field. There are a variety of areas of research, such as computational and formal pragmatics theoretic and experimental pragmatics, intercultural and cross pragmatics of language, as well as clinical and experimentative pragmatics.

What is the relationship between Free Pragmatics and to Explanatory Pragmatics?

The discipline of pragmatics in linguistics is concerned with how meaning is conveyed by language use in context. It is less concerned with the grammatical structure that is used in the speech and more on what the speaker is actually saying. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics has a link to other areas of study of linguistics such as syntax and semantics, or philosophy of language.

In recent times, the field of pragmatics evolved in a variety of directions. This includes conversational pragmatics and computational linguistics. There is a wide range of research in these areas, which address issues such as the significance of lexical features and the interaction between language and discourse, and the nature of the concept of meaning.

In the philosophical discussion of pragmatics, one of the major questions is whether it is possible to give a precise and systematic account of the interface between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers have claimed that it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have claimed that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is ill-defined and that pragmatics and 프라그마틱 게임 semantics are really the identical.

It is not uncommon for scholars to go back and forth between these two positions, 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료체험 arguing that certain phenomena are either semantics or pragmatics. For instance certain scholars argue that if a statement has the literal truth-conditional meaning, it is semantics, whereas others believe that the fact that an expression may be interpreted in various ways is pragmatics.

Other researchers in pragmatics have taken an alternative route. They argue that the truth-conditional interpretation of a sentence is just one of many possible interpretations, and that they are all valid. This method is often referred to as "far-side pragmatics".

Recent work in pragmatics has tried to integrate semantic and distant side methods. It attempts to represent the full range of interpretive possibilities for a speaker's utterance, by modeling the way in which the speaker's beliefs and intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine an Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technical innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts that the listeners will entertain a variety of possible exhaustified versions of a speech that contains the universal FCI any and this is what makes the exclusiveness implicature so robust as in comparison to other possible implicatures.