15 Latest Trends And Trends In Free Pragmatic: Difference between revisions

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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics examines the relationship between language and context. It asks questions like: What do people really mean when they use words?<br><br>It's a philosophy that is focused on practical and reasonable actions. It's in opposition to idealism, the belief that you should always stick to your beliefs.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the ways in which language users find meaning from and each other. It is often seen as a part of a language, but it differs from semantics since it focuses on what the user is trying to communicate, not on what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a research area it is still young and its research has grown quickly in the past few decades. It is a linguistics academic field but it has also had an impact on research in other fields such as psychology, sociolinguistics, and [https://scientific-programs.science/wiki/7_Helpful_Tips_To_Make_The_Most_Out_Of_Your_Pragmatic_Slot_Buff 프라그마틱 슬롯 사이트] the field of anthropology.<br><br>There are a myriad of ways to approach pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this field. One is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which focuses primarily on the notions of intention and the interaction with the speaker's knowledge about the listener's comprehension. Other perspectives on pragmatics include the conceptual and lexical aspects of pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the diversity of subjects that researchers studying pragmatics have investigated.<br><br>The research in pragmatics has covered a broad range of subjects, including L2 pragmatic comprehension and request production by EFL students, as well as the role of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It has been applied to social and cultural phenomena such as political speech, discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers also have employed various methods from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C shows that the size of the knowledge base for pragmatics differs depending on which database is used. The US and the UK are two of the top performers in the field of pragmatics research. However, [https://guidewish3.bravejournal.net/15-pragmatic-slot-manipulation-benefits-everyone-must-be-able-to 무료슬롯 프라그마틱] 불법 ([https://pediascape.science/wiki/20_Fun_Details_About_Pragmatic_Slots_Experience https://Pediascape.science/wiki/20_fun_details_about_pragmatic_slots_experience]) their rank varies depending on the database. This is due to pragmatics being multidisciplinary and interspersed with other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to determine the top authors of pragmatics according to their publications only. However it is possible to determine the most influential authors by examining their contributions to pragmatics. Bambini for instance, has contributed to pragmatics by introducing concepts like conversational implicititure and politeness theories. Other highly influential authors in pragmatics include Grice, [https://funsilo.date/wiki/7_Things_You_Never_Knew_About_Pragmatic_Slot_Buff 프라그마틱 카지노] Saul and Kasper.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics concentrates on the contexts and users of language usage rather than focusing on reference grammar, truth, or. It focuses on the ways in which one phrase can be understood as meaning different things from different contexts as well as those triggered by ambiguity or indexicality. It also focuses on strategies that listeners employ to determine which words are meant to be communicative. It is closely linked to the theory of conversational implicature, which was developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>While the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is a well-known and established one There is a lot of controversy about the precise boundaries of these fields. Some philosophers argue that the notion of meaning of sentences is a component of semantics, whereas others argue that this kind of issue should be viewed as pragmatic.<br><br>Another issue that has been a source of contention is whether the study of pragmatics is an linguistics-related branch or as a component of philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an independent discipline and should be considered a part of linguistics, along with phonology. syntax, semantics, etc. Others, however, have argued that the study of pragmatics should be considered an aspect of philosophy of language since it deals with the ways that our ideas about the meaning and use of language influence our theories about how languages function.<br><br>There are several key aspects of the study of pragmatics that have been the source of many of the debates. Some scholars have argued for instance that pragmatics isn't a subject in and of itself since it examines how people interpret and use language without necessarily referring back to facts about what actually was said. This type of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Others, however, have argued that the subject should be considered a field in its own right because it examines the manner in which the meaning and usage of language is influenced by social and cultural factors. This is called near-side pragmatism.<br><br>Other topics of discussion in pragmatics include the manner we think about the nature of the interpretation of utterances as an inferential process, and the role that primary pragmatic processes play in the determining of what is being spoken by a speaker in a given sentence. Recanati and Bach discuss these topics in more depth. Both papers deal with the notions of saturation as well as free pragmatic enrichment, which are significant pragmatic processes in the sense that they aid in shaping the meaning of an expression.<br><br>What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on how the context affects the meaning of linguistics. It focuses on how human language is used during social interaction as well as the relationship between the speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists who specialize on pragmatics.<br><br>Many different theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics focus on the communication intent of a speaker. Relevance Theory for instance is a study of the processes of understanding that take place when listeners interpret utterances. Some approaches to pragmatics have been combined with other disciplines, such as cognitive science and philosophy.<br><br>There are also divergent opinions on the boundary between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers, such as Morris, believe that pragmatics and semantics are two distinct topics. He says that semantics deals with the relationship of signs to objects which they may or not denote, whereas pragmatics deals with the use of the words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers, like Bach and Harnish, have argued that pragmatics is a subfield within semantics. They differentiate between 'near-side' and 'far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics is focused on the words spoken, while far-side pragmatics focuses on the logical consequences of saying something. They believe that semantics is already determining certain aspects of the meaning of an expression, whereas other pragmatics is determined by the pragmatic processes.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is contextually dependent. This means that the same utterance can mean different things in different contexts, depending on things like ambiguity and indexicality. Other elements that can alter the meaning of an utterance include discourse structure, speaker intentions and beliefs, and expectations of the listener.<br><br>A second aspect of pragmatics is its particularity in culture. This is because different cultures have their own rules about what is acceptable to say in various situations. In some cultures, it's considered polite to keep eye contact. In other cultures, it's considered rude.<br><br>There are various perspectives on pragmatics and lots of research is being conducted in this field. There are a variety of areas of research, including pragmatics that are computational and formal, theoretical and experimental pragmatics, cross and intercultural pragmatics of language, as well as pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.<br><br>What is the relationship between free Pragmatics and to explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics, a linguistic field, is concerned with how meaning is conveyed by language use in context. It focuses less on the grammatical structure that is used in the spoken word and more on what the speaker is saying. Pragmaticians are linguists who specialize on pragmatics. The subject of pragmatics is connected to other areas of linguistics, such as syntax, semantics and philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years the field of pragmatics has evolved in a variety of directions. These include conversational pragmatics and computational linguistics. These areas are characterized by a broad range of research that addresses topics such as lexical features and the interaction between discourse, language and meaning.<br><br>In the philosophical debate about pragmatics one of the main questions is whether it's possible to provide a thorough and systematic account of the relationship between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers have suggested that it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is not well-defined and that they're the same.<br><br>It is not unusual for scholars to argue between these two views and argue that certain events are either semantics or pragmatics. Some scholars argue that if a statement carries an actual truth conditional meaning, it is semantics. Others contend that the fact that a statement could be interpreted differently is pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have adopted an alternative route. They argue that the truth-conditional interpretation of a sentence is just one of the many possible interpretations, and that they are all valid. This is sometimes called "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Recent work in pragmatics has tried to integrate semantic and distant side approaches. It attempts to represent the full range of interpretive possibilities that can be derived from a speaker's words by illustrating the way in which the speaker's beliefs and intentions affect the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. The 2019 version incorporates an inverse Gricean model of Rational Speech Act framework, with technological innovations created by Franke and Bergen. This model predicts listeners will be entertained by a variety of exhausted parses of an utterance that contains the universal FCI Any. This is the reason why the exclusivity implicature is so robust when compared to other plausible implications.
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the relationship between language, context and meaning. It deals with questions such as what do people mean by the words they use?<br><br>It's a philosophy that is focused on practical and reasonable actions. It's in contrast to idealism, the notion that you should always stick to your convictions.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of ways that language users get meaning from and with each with each other. It is often viewed as a part of language however it differs from semantics in the sense that pragmatics examines what the user wants to convey, not what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a research field the field of pragmatics is relatively new and its research has been growing rapidly over the past few decades. It is a linguistics academic field however, it has also affected research in other areas like sociolinguistics, psychology and the field of anthropology.<br><br>There are a variety of perspectives on pragmatics, which have contributed to its growth and development. One is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which focuses primarily on the notion of intention and [https://ok-social.com/story3469924/7-things-about-pragmatic-official-website-you-ll-kick-yourself-for-not-knowing 프라그마틱 슬롯 팁] the interaction with the speaker's knowledge of the listener's understanding. Conceptual and lexical approaches to pragmatics are also views on the topic. These views have contributed to the variety of topics that pragmatics researchers have investigated.<br><br>The study of pragmatics has covered a vast range topics, such as pragmatic understanding in L2 and request production by EFL students, and the significance of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It has also been applied to cultural and social phenomena, like political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also used a variety of methodologies, from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The amount of knowledge base in pragmatics is different according to the database, as illustrated in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are among the top producers of pragmatics research, however their rankings differ by database. This difference is due to the fact that pragmatics is multidisciplinary and intersects with other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to classify the top authors in pragmatics based on the number of publications they have. However, it is possible to determine the most influential authors by looking at their contributions to pragmatics. Bambini for instance, has contributed to pragmatics with concepts such as politeness and  [https://tripsbookmarks.com/story18124443/check-out-how-pragmatic-slots-experience-is-taking-over-and-what-you-can-do-about-it 프라그마틱 공식홈페이지] 무료슬롯 [[https://bookmarkdistrict.com/story17884544/the-reasons-you-ll-want-to-find-out-more-about-pragmatic-genuine https://Bookmarkdistrict.com/]] conversational implicititure theories. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are the most influential authors of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and language users than it is with truth, reference, or grammar. It focuses on the ways that an phrase can be understood to mean different things in different contexts and also those caused by ambiguity or indexicality. It also focuses on methods that listeners employ to determine whether phrases are intended to be communicative. It is closely connected to the theory of conversational implicature, developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines are a matter of debate. While the distinction between these two disciplines is widely known, it isn't always clear where the lines should be drawn. Some philosophers believe that the concept of sentence meaning is a component of semantics, while others claim that this type of problem should be considered pragmatic.<br><br>Another controversy concerns whether pragmatics is a part of philosophy of language or a branch of the study of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is a field in its own right and should be treated as an independent part of linguistics alongside phonology, syntax, semantics, etc. Others have claimed that the study of pragmatics is an aspect of philosophy of language since it examines the ways in which our concepts of the meaning and use of language influence our theories of how languages work.<br><br>There are several key aspects of the study of pragmatics that have fuelled the debate. Some scholars have suggested for instance that pragmatics isn't an academic discipline in its own right because it examines how people interpret and use language without necessarily referring back to actual facts about what was said. This type of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that this study should be considered a discipline in its own right, since it examines the ways the meaning and use of language is dependent on cultural and social factors. This is known as near-side pragmatics.<br><br>Other topics of discussion in pragmatics are the ways we think about the nature of the utterance interpretation process as an inferential process and the role that primary pragmatic processes play in the analysis of what is being said by the speaker in a particular sentence. Recanati and Bach discuss these topics in more in depth. Both papers deal with the notions of saturation as well as free pragmatic enrichment. These are crucial pragmatic processes in that they shape the meaning of a statement.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Different from Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of how context contributes to the meaning of a language. It analyzes how human language is used in social interactions, as well as the relationship between the speaker and the interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus on pragmatics.<br><br>Over the years, many different theories of pragmatism have been proposed. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, concentrate on the intention of communication of the speaker. Relevance Theory, for example is focused on the processes of understanding that occur when listeners interpret the meaning of utterances. Certain approaches to pragmatics are merged with other disciplines, such as philosophy and cognitive science.<br><br>There are different opinions on the borderline between semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two distinct topics. He says that semantics deal with the relation of signs to objects which they may or not denote, while pragmatics deals with the use of the words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers, including Bach and Harnish have also argued that pragmatics is a subfield of semantics. They distinguish between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics is focused on the words spoken, whereas far-side pragmatics concentrates on the logical consequences of saying something. They argue that some of the 'pragmatics' of an utterance is already influenced by semantics, while other 'pragmatics' is determined by the pragmatic processes of inference.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is contextually dependent. This means that a single utterance can have different meanings based on the context, such as indexicality or ambiguity. Other elements that can alter the meaning of an expression include discourse structure, speaker intentions and beliefs, and expectations of the listener.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is its particularity in culture. It is because every culture has its own rules about what is appropriate in different situations. In certain cultures, it's polite to look at each other. In other cultures, it's rude.<br><br>There are various perspectives on pragmatics and much research is being conducted in this area. Some of the most important areas of research are computational and formal pragmatics; theoretical and experimental pragmatics; cross-linguistic and intercultural pragmatics; and clinical and experimental pragmatics.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Similar to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics in linguistics is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed by language use in context. It evaluates the way in which the speaker's intentions and beliefs influence interpretation, focusing less on grammatical features of the utterance rather than what is said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians. The subject of pragmatics has a link to other areas of the study of linguistics such as semantics and syntax, or philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years, the field of pragmatics has grown in a variety of directions that include computational linguistics, conversational pragmatics, and theoretical pragmatics. These areas are distinguished by a broad range of research that addresses aspects like lexical features and the interplay between discourse, [https://atozbookmarkc.com/story18282798/15-gifts-for-the-pragmatic-free-slot-buff-lover-in-your-life 프라그마틱 슬롯버프] [https://allbookmarking.com/story18171949/the-best-place-to-research-pragmatic-slot-experience-online 프라그마틱 정품 확인법] - [https://bookmarklinkz.com/story18025827/buzzwords-de-buzzed-10-other-ways-for-saying-pragmatic-official-website click the next page], language and meaning.<br><br>In the philosophical debate on pragmatics, one of the major questions is whether it is possible to provide a thorough and systematic explanation of the interplay between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers have suggested it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is ill-defined and that pragmatics and semantics are really the identical.<br><br>It is not unusual for scholars to go between these two perspectives and argue that certain events fall under either semantics or pragmatics. For instance certain scholars argue that if an expression has a literal truth-conditional meaning then it is semantics, whereas others argue that the fact that an utterance can be interpreted in a variety of ways is pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have taken a different view, arguing that the truth-conditional meaning of an utterance is just one of the many ways in which an expression can be understood and that all interpretations are valid. This is commonly known as far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Recent research in pragmatics has attempted to integrate semantic and distant side approaches. It attempts to represent the entire range of interpretive possibilities for a speaker's utterance, by modeling how the speaker's beliefs and intentions affect the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine a Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technical innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts listeners will be entertained by a variety of exhausted parses of an speech utterance that includes the universal FCI Any, and this is the reason why the exclusiveness implicature is so robust when compared to other plausible implications.

Revision as of 18:22, 5 January 2025

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of the relationship between language, context and meaning. It deals with questions such as what do people mean by the words they use?

It's a philosophy that is focused on practical and reasonable actions. It's in contrast to idealism, the notion that you should always stick to your convictions.

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of ways that language users get meaning from and with each with each other. It is often viewed as a part of language however it differs from semantics in the sense that pragmatics examines what the user wants to convey, not what the actual meaning is.

As a research field the field of pragmatics is relatively new and its research has been growing rapidly over the past few decades. It is a linguistics academic field however, it has also affected research in other areas like sociolinguistics, psychology and the field of anthropology.

There are a variety of perspectives on pragmatics, which have contributed to its growth and development. One is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which focuses primarily on the notion of intention and 프라그마틱 슬롯 팁 the interaction with the speaker's knowledge of the listener's understanding. Conceptual and lexical approaches to pragmatics are also views on the topic. These views have contributed to the variety of topics that pragmatics researchers have investigated.

The study of pragmatics has covered a vast range topics, such as pragmatic understanding in L2 and request production by EFL students, and the significance of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It has also been applied to cultural and social phenomena, like political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also used a variety of methodologies, from experimental to sociocultural.

The amount of knowledge base in pragmatics is different according to the database, as illustrated in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are among the top producers of pragmatics research, however their rankings differ by database. This difference is due to the fact that pragmatics is multidisciplinary and intersects with other disciplines.

This makes it difficult to classify the top authors in pragmatics based on the number of publications they have. However, it is possible to determine the most influential authors by looking at their contributions to pragmatics. Bambini for instance, has contributed to pragmatics with concepts such as politeness and 프라그마틱 공식홈페이지 무료슬롯 [https://Bookmarkdistrict.com/] conversational implicititure theories. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are the most influential authors of pragmatics.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and language users than it is with truth, reference, or grammar. It focuses on the ways that an phrase can be understood to mean different things in different contexts and also those caused by ambiguity or indexicality. It also focuses on methods that listeners employ to determine whether phrases are intended to be communicative. It is closely connected to the theory of conversational implicature, developed by Paul Grice.

The boundaries between these two disciplines are a matter of debate. While the distinction between these two disciplines is widely known, it isn't always clear where the lines should be drawn. Some philosophers believe that the concept of sentence meaning is a component of semantics, while others claim that this type of problem should be considered pragmatic.

Another controversy concerns whether pragmatics is a part of philosophy of language or a branch of the study of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is a field in its own right and should be treated as an independent part of linguistics alongside phonology, syntax, semantics, etc. Others have claimed that the study of pragmatics is an aspect of philosophy of language since it examines the ways in which our concepts of the meaning and use of language influence our theories of how languages work.

There are several key aspects of the study of pragmatics that have fuelled the debate. Some scholars have suggested for instance that pragmatics isn't an academic discipline in its own right because it examines how people interpret and use language without necessarily referring back to actual facts about what was said. This type of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that this study should be considered a discipline in its own right, since it examines the ways the meaning and use of language is dependent on cultural and social factors. This is known as near-side pragmatics.

Other topics of discussion in pragmatics are the ways we think about the nature of the utterance interpretation process as an inferential process and the role that primary pragmatic processes play in the analysis of what is being said by the speaker in a particular sentence. Recanati and Bach discuss these topics in more in depth. Both papers deal with the notions of saturation as well as free pragmatic enrichment. These are crucial pragmatic processes in that they shape the meaning of a statement.

How is Free Pragmatics Different from Explanatory Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of how context contributes to the meaning of a language. It analyzes how human language is used in social interactions, as well as the relationship between the speaker and the interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus on pragmatics.

Over the years, many different theories of pragmatism have been proposed. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, concentrate on the intention of communication of the speaker. Relevance Theory, for example is focused on the processes of understanding that occur when listeners interpret the meaning of utterances. Certain approaches to pragmatics are merged with other disciplines, such as philosophy and cognitive science.

There are different opinions on the borderline between semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two distinct topics. He says that semantics deal with the relation of signs to objects which they may or not denote, while pragmatics deals with the use of the words in context.

Other philosophers, including Bach and Harnish have also argued that pragmatics is a subfield of semantics. They distinguish between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics is focused on the words spoken, whereas far-side pragmatics concentrates on the logical consequences of saying something. They argue that some of the 'pragmatics' of an utterance is already influenced by semantics, while other 'pragmatics' is determined by the pragmatic processes of inference.

One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is contextually dependent. This means that a single utterance can have different meanings based on the context, such as indexicality or ambiguity. Other elements that can alter the meaning of an expression include discourse structure, speaker intentions and beliefs, and expectations of the listener.

Another aspect of pragmatics is its particularity in culture. It is because every culture has its own rules about what is appropriate in different situations. In certain cultures, it's polite to look at each other. In other cultures, it's rude.

There are various perspectives on pragmatics and much research is being conducted in this area. Some of the most important areas of research are computational and formal pragmatics; theoretical and experimental pragmatics; cross-linguistic and intercultural pragmatics; and clinical and experimental pragmatics.

How is Free Pragmatics Similar to Explanatory Pragmatics?

The discipline of pragmatics in linguistics is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed by language use in context. It evaluates the way in which the speaker's intentions and beliefs influence interpretation, focusing less on grammatical features of the utterance rather than what is said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians. The subject of pragmatics has a link to other areas of the study of linguistics such as semantics and syntax, or philosophy of language.

In recent years, the field of pragmatics has grown in a variety of directions that include computational linguistics, conversational pragmatics, and theoretical pragmatics. These areas are distinguished by a broad range of research that addresses aspects like lexical features and the interplay between discourse, 프라그마틱 슬롯버프 프라그마틱 정품 확인법 - click the next page, language and meaning.

In the philosophical debate on pragmatics, one of the major questions is whether it is possible to provide a thorough and systematic explanation of the interplay between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers have suggested it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is ill-defined and that pragmatics and semantics are really the identical.

It is not unusual for scholars to go between these two perspectives and argue that certain events fall under either semantics or pragmatics. For instance certain scholars argue that if an expression has a literal truth-conditional meaning then it is semantics, whereas others argue that the fact that an utterance can be interpreted in a variety of ways is pragmatics.

Other pragmatics researchers have taken a different view, arguing that the truth-conditional meaning of an utterance is just one of the many ways in which an expression can be understood and that all interpretations are valid. This is commonly known as far-side pragmatics.

Recent research in pragmatics has attempted to integrate semantic and distant side approaches. It attempts to represent the entire range of interpretive possibilities for a speaker's utterance, by modeling how the speaker's beliefs and intentions affect the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine a Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technical innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts listeners will be entertained by a variety of exhausted parses of an speech utterance that includes the universal FCI Any, and this is the reason why the exclusiveness implicature is so robust when compared to other plausible implications.