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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics examines the connection between language and context. It addresses issues such as What do people mean by the words they use?<br><br>It's a philosophies of practical and reasonable action. It's in contrast to idealism, which is the belief that you must abide to your beliefs.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the ways that language users find meaning from and each one another. It is often viewed as a component of language, [https://hyldgaard-foss-3.technetbloggers.de/10-pragmatic-that-are-unexpected-1726469807/ 프라그마틱 슬롯 추천] although it differs from semantics in that pragmatics studies what the user is trying to convey, not what the meaning actually is.<br><br>As a research area, pragmatics is relatively young and its research has grown rapidly in the last few decades. It has been mostly an academic area of study within linguistics, however it also has an impact on research in other fields such as speech-language pathology, psychology sociolinguistics, and anthropology.<br><br>There are a myriad of methods of pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this field. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics, which is focused on the concept of intention and how it relates to the speaker's understanding of the listener's. Other perspectives on pragmatics include conceptual and lexical approaches to pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the variety of subjects that researchers studying pragmatics have researched.<br><br>The study of pragmatics has covered a broad range topics, such as pragmatic understanding in L2 and request production by EFL students, as well as the significance of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It has been applied to cultural and social phenomena like political speech, discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also used diverse methodologies, from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C illustrates that the size of the knowledge base for pragmatics differs depending on the database utilized. The US and the UK are among the top researchers in pragmatics research, yet their ranking varies by database. This is due to the fact that pragmatics is multidisciplinary and intersects with other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to rank the top pragmatics authors according to the number of publications they have. However it is possible to determine the most influential authors through analyzing their contributions to pragmatics. Bambini for instance, has contributed to pragmatics by introducing concepts like politeness and conversational implicititure theories. Other highly influential authors in the field of pragmatics are Grice, Saul and Kasper.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and users of language than it is with truth, reference, or grammar. It focuses on how one word can be understood in different ways in different contexts. This includes ambiguity and indexicality. It also focuses on the strategies used by listeners to determine which words have a meaning that is communicative. It is closely connected to the theory of conversative implicature which was pioneered by Paul Grice.<br><br>While the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is a well-known and established one, there is much debate about the precise boundaries of these disciplines. Some philosophers believe that the concept of sentence meaning is a component of semantics, [https://maps.google.com.ar/url?q=https://ogle-pruitt-2.technetbloggers.de/this-is-the-myths-and-facts-behind-pragmatic-slot-experience 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료체험] whereas other insist that this particular problem should be considered pragmatic.<br><br>Another issue is whether pragmatics is a subfield of philosophy of languages or a branch of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an autonomous discipline and should be considered a part of linguistics along with the study of phonology. Syntax, semantics, etc. Others have argued that the study of pragmatics is a component of philosophy because it focuses on how our notions of meaning and uses of languages influence our theories on how languages function.<br><br>There are a few major aspects of the study of pragmatics that have fuelled much of this debate. Some scholars have suggested, for example, that pragmatics isn't a discipline in and of itself since it studies how people interpret and [https://www.google.dm/url?q=https://postheaven.net/mathcry8/13-things-you-should-know-about-pragmatic-that-you-might-not-have-considered 프라그마틱 정품확인방법] use the language, without necessarily referring back to facts about what was actually said. This sort of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Certain scholars have argued that this study should be considered a discipline of its own because it studies how cultural and social influences influence the meaning and usage of language. This is called near-side pragmatism.<br><br>The field of pragmatics also focuses on the inferential nature of utterances and the significance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker is saying in a sentence. These are issues that are more thoroughly discussed in the papers written by Recanati and Bach. Both papers address the notions of saturation as well as free pragmatic enrichment. Both are crucial pragmatic processes in the sense that they shape the meaning of a statement.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Different from Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is the way in which context influences the meaning of language. It evaluates how human language is utilized in social interactions, as well as the relationship between the speaker and the interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists who specialize on pragmatics.<br><br>Over the years, a variety of theories of pragmatism have been proposed. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, concentrate on the intention of communication of the speaker. Relevance Theory for instance is focused on the processes of understanding that take place when listeners interpret utterances. Certain pragmatic approaches have been combined with other disciplines like philosophy or cognitive science.<br><br>There are also a variety of views on the borderline between pragmatics and semantics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two different subjects. He claims that semantics is concerned with the relationship between signs and objects they may or may not denote whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in a context.<br><br>Other philosophers, including Bach and Harnish have also argued that pragmatics is a subfield within semantics. They distinguish between 'nearside and far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concerns what is said, whereas far-side is focused on the logical implications of uttering a phrase. They claim that a portion of the 'pragmatics' that accompany the words spoken are already determined by semantics, while other 'pragmatics' is defined by the processes of inference.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is context dependent. This means that a single utterance may have different meanings depending on factors like indexicality or ambiguity. Other elements that can alter the meaning of an expression include discourse structure, speaker intentions and beliefs, and expectations of the listener.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culturally specific. This is because different cultures have their own rules regarding what is appropriate to say in different situations. For instance, it is polite in some cultures to make eye contact however it is not acceptable in other cultures.<br><br>There are various perspectives on pragmatics and lots of research is being conducted in this field. There are a variety of areas of research, such as pragmatics that are computational and formal, theoretical and experimental pragmatics, intercultural and cross pragmatics in linguistics,  [https://fsquan8.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=2706654 프라그마틱 정품 사이트] 슬롯 [https://www.ddhszz.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=3274392 무료 프라그마틱] ([https://www.pinterest.com/soundcent28/ Https://Www.Pinterest.Com]) and pragmatics that are experimental and clinical.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Similar to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics, a linguistic field, is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed through language use in context. It is less concerned with the grammatical structure that is used in the utterance and more on what the speaker is saying. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus on pragmatics. The subject of pragmatics has a connection to other areas of the study of linguistics, such as semantics and syntax, or the philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years the field of pragmatics has grown in a variety of directions that include computational linguistics, pragmatics of conversation, and theoretic pragmatics. There is a variety of research in these areas, which address issues such as the significance of lexical features as well as the interaction between language and discourse and the nature of meaning itself.<br><br>In the philosophical debate about pragmatics, one of the major questions is whether it is possible to give a rigorous and systematic explanation of the interplay between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers have argued that it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have claimed that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is unclear and that semantics and pragmatics are actually the identical.<br><br>The debate between these positions is often a tussle, with scholars arguing that particular instances are a part of either pragmatics or semantics. For example certain scholars argue that if an expression has an actual truth-conditional meaning, then it is semantics, whereas other argue that the fact that an expression may be interpreted in various ways is pragmatics.<br><br>Other researchers in pragmatics have taken an alternative route. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation of a sentence is just one of the many possible interpretations, and that they are all valid. This approach is sometimes called "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Recent work in pragmatics has tried to combine semantic and far side methods. It tries to capture the entire range of interpretive possibilities that can be derived from a speaker's words by demonstrating how the speaker's beliefs as well as intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. The 2019 version is a Gricean model of the Rational Speech Act framework, with technical innovations developed by Franke and Bergen. This model predicts listeners will have to entertain a myriad of exhausted parses of a speech utterance that includes the universal FCI Any. This is the reason why the exclusivity implicature is so robust compared to other plausible implications.
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics studies the connection between language and context. It poses questions such as: What do people really mean when they speak in terms?<br><br>It's a way of thinking that focuses on practical and reasonable actions. It differs from idealism, which is the belief that one should adhere to their beliefs no matter what.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics examines the way that language users interact and communicate with one with one another. It is often seen as a part or language, however it differs from semantics in that it concentrates on what the user wants to convey, not what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a field of research, pragmatics is relatively young and its research has grown rapidly over the last few decades. It has been mostly an academic discipline within linguistics but it also influences research in other fields such as psychology, speech-language pathology, sociolinguistics and anthropology.<br><br>There are a variety of methods of pragmatics that have contributed to the growth and development of this field. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics which focuses on the notion of intention and how it relates to the speaker's knowledge of the listener's understanding. Other perspectives on pragmatics include the conceptual and lexical aspects of pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of subjects that researchers in pragmatics have studied.<br><br>Research in pragmatics has focused on a broad range of subjects such as L2 pragmatic understanding as well as request production by EFL learners, and the role of theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It is also applied to social and cultural phenomena, including political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also used various methods that range from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C illustrates that the size of the knowledge base on pragmatics is different according to the database utilized. The US and the UK are among the top researchers in pragmatics research, but their ranking varies by database. This is because pragmatics is a multidisciplinary area that intersects other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to rank the top authors of pragmatics based on their number of publications alone. However it is possible to identify the most influential authors by examining their contributions to pragmatics. For example Bambini's contribution to the field of pragmatics includes pioneering concepts like conversational implicature and politeness theory. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also highly influential authors of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and the users of language than it is with truth or reference, or grammar. It focuses on the ways in which an utterance can be understood to mean different things from different contexts and also those caused by ambiguity or indexicality. It also focuses primarily on the strategies employed by listeners to determine whether words have a meaning that is communicative. It is closely related to the theory of conversational implicature, developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>While the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is a well-known, long-established one, there is a lot of controversy regarding the exact boundaries of these disciplines. Some philosophers claim that the notion of meaning of sentences is a component of semantics, whereas others argue that this kind of problem should be treated as pragmatic.<br><br>Another issue that has been a source of contention is whether the study of pragmatics should be considered an linguistics-related branch or as a component of philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued that pragmatics is a discipline in its own right and should be considered distinct from the field of linguistics, alongside syntax, phonology semantics and more. Others, however have argued the study of pragmatics is an aspect of philosophy since it examines how our notions of the meaning and use of languages influence our theories on how languages function.<br><br>There are several key issues in the study of pragmatics that have fueled much of this debate. For instance, some scholars have argued that pragmatics is not an academic discipline in and of itself because it examines the ways people interpret and use language without being able to provide any information about what is actually being said. This sort of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that this study should be considered an independent discipline because it studies the ways that cultural and social influences influence the meaning and use of language. This is called near-side pragmatics.<br><br>Other topics of discussion in pragmatics include the manner we think about the nature of the interpretation of utterances as an inferential process and the role that primary pragmatic processes play in the analysis of what is being spoken by a speaker in a given sentence. Recanati and Bach examine these issues in more in depth. Both papers discuss the notions saturation and free pragmatic enrichment. These are crucial processes that help shape the overall meaning an utterance.<br><br>What is the difference between free and explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the role that context plays to linguistic meaning. It analyzes how human language is used in social interaction, and the relationship between the interpreter and the speaker. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians.<br><br>A variety of theories of pragmatics have been developed over time. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communication intent of speakers. Others, like Relevance Theory concentrate on the understanding processes that occur during the interpretation of words by listeners. Some practical approaches have been put with other disciplines such as cognitive science or philosophy.<br><br>There are also different views on the borderline between semantics and pragmatics. Certain philosophers,  프라그마틱 정품 확인법, [https://thesocialcircles.com/story3861446/pragmatic-free-trial-meta-tips-that-will-revolutionize-your-life thesocialcircles.Com], such as Morris believes that semantics and pragmatics are two separate topics. He states that semantics is concerned with the relationship of signs to objects they may or may not denote, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of the words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers, [https://paulf123mri0.blogtov.com/profile 프라그마틱 무료체험 메타] like Bach and Harnish, have argued that pragmatics is a subfield of semantics. They distinguish between 'near-side and 'far-side' pragmatism. Near-side pragmatics focuses on the words spoken, while far-side pragmatics is focused on the logical implications of saying something. They claim that a portion of the 'pragmatics' that accompany an expression are already determined by semantics, while the rest is determined by pragmatic processes of inference.<br><br>The context is among the most important aspects in pragmatics. This means that the same phrase can have different meanings in different contexts, depending on things like indexicality and ambiguity. Other elements that can alter the meaning of an utterance include the structure of the discourse, speaker intentions and beliefs, and the expectations of the listener.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culture-specific. It is because each culture has its own rules regarding what is appropriate in different situations. For instance, it's acceptable in certain cultures to make eye contact however it is not acceptable in other cultures.<br><br>There are a variety of views of pragmatics, and lots of research is being conducted in this field. The main areas of study are computational and formal pragmatics; theoretical and experimental pragmatics; intercultural and cross-linguistic pragmatics; pragmatics that are experimental and clinical.<br><br>How is free Pragmatics similar to explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics, a linguistic field, is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed by language use in context. It evaluates the ways in which the speaker's intention and beliefs influence interpretation, with less attention paid to grammaral characteristics of the expression rather than what is said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics has a connection to other areas of the study of linguistics such as syntax and semantics, or philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years the area of pragmatics has been developing in a variety of directions such as computational linguistics pragmatics in conversation, and theoretical pragmatics. These areas are characterized by a wide variety of research that addresses topics such as lexical features and [https://pragmatickr47788.wikikarts.com/994486/pragmatic_game_explained_in_fewer_than_140_characters 프라그마틱 슬롯 사이트] the interplay between discourse, language, [https://socialwoot.com/story19823926/3-ways-in-which-the-pragmatic-recommendations-can-affect-your-life 프라그마틱 정품 사이트] [https://mitchq035dyd1.wikidank.com/user 프라그마틱 데모] - [https://kingm624jmg1.tnpwiki.com/user Continuing], and meaning.<br><br>In the philosophical discussion of pragmatism one of the most important questions is whether it is possible to provide a thorough and systematic account of the relationship between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers have claimed that it is not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have claimed that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is not clear and that semantics and pragmatics are actually the identical.<br><br>The debate over these positions is usually a back and forth affair scholars argue that particular instances fall under the rubric of either pragmatics or semantics. For instance certain scholars argue that if an expression has a literal truth-conditional meaning then it is semantics, while others argue that the fact that an utterance could be interpreted in different ways is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other researchers in pragmatics have taken an alternative route. They argue that the truth-conditional interpretation of a statement is only one of many possible interpretations, and that they are all valid. This is commonly known as far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Recent work in pragmatics has tried to combine semantic and far side approaches. It attempts to represent the full range of interpretational possibilities that can be derived from a speaker's words by illustrating the way in which the speaker's beliefs and intentions influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine the Gricean game theory model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological advances from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts listeners will be entertained by a variety of exhausted parses of an speech utterance that includes the universal FCI Any, and that is the reason why the exclusiveness implicature is so strong when compared to other plausible implications.

Revision as of 05:46, 22 January 2025

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics studies the connection between language and context. It poses questions such as: What do people really mean when they speak in terms?

It's a way of thinking that focuses on practical and reasonable actions. It differs from idealism, which is the belief that one should adhere to their beliefs no matter what.

What is Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics examines the way that language users interact and communicate with one with one another. It is often seen as a part or language, however it differs from semantics in that it concentrates on what the user wants to convey, not what the actual meaning is.

As a field of research, pragmatics is relatively young and its research has grown rapidly over the last few decades. It has been mostly an academic discipline within linguistics but it also influences research in other fields such as psychology, speech-language pathology, sociolinguistics and anthropology.

There are a variety of methods of pragmatics that have contributed to the growth and development of this field. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics which focuses on the notion of intention and how it relates to the speaker's knowledge of the listener's understanding. Other perspectives on pragmatics include the conceptual and lexical aspects of pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of subjects that researchers in pragmatics have studied.

Research in pragmatics has focused on a broad range of subjects such as L2 pragmatic understanding as well as request production by EFL learners, and the role of theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It is also applied to social and cultural phenomena, including political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also used various methods that range from experimental to sociocultural.

Figure 9A-C illustrates that the size of the knowledge base on pragmatics is different according to the database utilized. The US and the UK are among the top researchers in pragmatics research, but their ranking varies by database. This is because pragmatics is a multidisciplinary area that intersects other disciplines.

This makes it difficult to rank the top authors of pragmatics based on their number of publications alone. However it is possible to identify the most influential authors by examining their contributions to pragmatics. For example Bambini's contribution to the field of pragmatics includes pioneering concepts like conversational implicature and politeness theory. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also highly influential authors of pragmatics.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and the users of language than it is with truth or reference, or grammar. It focuses on the ways in which an utterance can be understood to mean different things from different contexts and also those caused by ambiguity or indexicality. It also focuses primarily on the strategies employed by listeners to determine whether words have a meaning that is communicative. It is closely related to the theory of conversational implicature, developed by Paul Grice.

While the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is a well-known, long-established one, there is a lot of controversy regarding the exact boundaries of these disciplines. Some philosophers claim that the notion of meaning of sentences is a component of semantics, whereas others argue that this kind of problem should be treated as pragmatic.

Another issue that has been a source of contention is whether the study of pragmatics should be considered an linguistics-related branch or as a component of philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued that pragmatics is a discipline in its own right and should be considered distinct from the field of linguistics, alongside syntax, phonology semantics and more. Others, however have argued the study of pragmatics is an aspect of philosophy since it examines how our notions of the meaning and use of languages influence our theories on how languages function.

There are several key issues in the study of pragmatics that have fueled much of this debate. For instance, some scholars have argued that pragmatics is not an academic discipline in and of itself because it examines the ways people interpret and use language without being able to provide any information about what is actually being said. This sort of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that this study should be considered an independent discipline because it studies the ways that cultural and social influences influence the meaning and use of language. This is called near-side pragmatics.

Other topics of discussion in pragmatics include the manner we think about the nature of the interpretation of utterances as an inferential process and the role that primary pragmatic processes play in the analysis of what is being spoken by a speaker in a given sentence. Recanati and Bach examine these issues in more in depth. Both papers discuss the notions saturation and free pragmatic enrichment. These are crucial processes that help shape the overall meaning an utterance.

What is the difference between free and explanatory Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of the role that context plays to linguistic meaning. It analyzes how human language is used in social interaction, and the relationship between the interpreter and the speaker. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians.

A variety of theories of pragmatics have been developed over time. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communication intent of speakers. Others, like Relevance Theory concentrate on the understanding processes that occur during the interpretation of words by listeners. Some practical approaches have been put with other disciplines such as cognitive science or philosophy.

There are also different views on the borderline between semantics and pragmatics. Certain philosophers, 프라그마틱 정품 확인법, thesocialcircles.Com, such as Morris believes that semantics and pragmatics are two separate topics. He states that semantics is concerned with the relationship of signs to objects they may or may not denote, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of the words in context.

Other philosophers, 프라그마틱 무료체험 메타 like Bach and Harnish, have argued that pragmatics is a subfield of semantics. They distinguish between 'near-side and 'far-side' pragmatism. Near-side pragmatics focuses on the words spoken, while far-side pragmatics is focused on the logical implications of saying something. They claim that a portion of the 'pragmatics' that accompany an expression are already determined by semantics, while the rest is determined by pragmatic processes of inference.

The context is among the most important aspects in pragmatics. This means that the same phrase can have different meanings in different contexts, depending on things like indexicality and ambiguity. Other elements that can alter the meaning of an utterance include the structure of the discourse, speaker intentions and beliefs, and the expectations of the listener.

Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culture-specific. It is because each culture has its own rules regarding what is appropriate in different situations. For instance, it's acceptable in certain cultures to make eye contact however it is not acceptable in other cultures.

There are a variety of views of pragmatics, and lots of research is being conducted in this field. The main areas of study are computational and formal pragmatics; theoretical and experimental pragmatics; intercultural and cross-linguistic pragmatics; pragmatics that are experimental and clinical.

How is free Pragmatics similar to explanatory Pragmatics?

The discipline of pragmatics, a linguistic field, is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed by language use in context. It evaluates the ways in which the speaker's intention and beliefs influence interpretation, with less attention paid to grammaral characteristics of the expression rather than what is said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics has a connection to other areas of the study of linguistics such as syntax and semantics, or philosophy of language.

In recent years the area of pragmatics has been developing in a variety of directions such as computational linguistics pragmatics in conversation, and theoretical pragmatics. These areas are characterized by a wide variety of research that addresses topics such as lexical features and 프라그마틱 슬롯 사이트 the interplay between discourse, language, 프라그마틱 정품 사이트 프라그마틱 데모 - Continuing, and meaning.

In the philosophical discussion of pragmatism one of the most important questions is whether it is possible to provide a thorough and systematic account of the relationship between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers have claimed that it is not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have claimed that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is not clear and that semantics and pragmatics are actually the identical.

The debate over these positions is usually a back and forth affair scholars argue that particular instances fall under the rubric of either pragmatics or semantics. For instance certain scholars argue that if an expression has a literal truth-conditional meaning then it is semantics, while others argue that the fact that an utterance could be interpreted in different ways is a sign of pragmatics.

Other researchers in pragmatics have taken an alternative route. They argue that the truth-conditional interpretation of a statement is only one of many possible interpretations, and that they are all valid. This is commonly known as far-side pragmatics.

Recent work in pragmatics has tried to combine semantic and far side approaches. It attempts to represent the full range of interpretational possibilities that can be derived from a speaker's words by illustrating the way in which the speaker's beliefs and intentions influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine the Gricean game theory model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological advances from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts listeners will be entertained by a variety of exhausted parses of an speech utterance that includes the universal FCI Any, and that is the reason why the exclusiveness implicature is so strong when compared to other plausible implications.