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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the relationship between language, context and meaning. It poses questions such as What do people actually mean when they speak in terms?<br><br>It's a philosophies of practical and reasonable actions. It's in contrast to idealism, which is the belief that you must always abide to your beliefs.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics examines how language users interact and communicate with one other. It is usually thought of as a component of language however, it differs from semantics because pragmatics examines what the user wants to convey, not what the meaning actually is.<br><br>As a research field, pragmatics is relatively young and its research has grown rapidly over the last few decades. It is a language academic field but it has also influenced research in other areas like sociolinguistics, psychology and Anthropology.<br><br>There are many different methods of pragmatics that have contributed to the development and  [https://pragmatickr13344.tusblogos.com/29826450/11-ways-to-completely-sabotage-your-how-to-check-the-authenticity-of-pragmatic 프라그마틱 슬롯 팁] 슬롯무료 ([https://echobookmarks.com/story18083629/one-of-the-most-untrue-advices-we-ve-ever-heard-about-pragmatic-authenticity-verification mouse click the following post]) growth of this discipline. One of these is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which is based primarily on the notions of intention and their interaction with the speaker's knowledge of the listener's comprehension. Other perspectives on pragmatics include lexical and conceptual approaches to pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of topics that pragmatics researchers have researched.<br><br>Research in pragmatics has focused on a wide range of topics, including L2 pragmatic comprehension, production of requests by EFL learners and the role of the theory of mind in both mental and physical metaphors. It has also been applied to cultural and social phenomena, including political discourse, discriminatory language, and interpersonal communication. Researchers studying pragmatics have employed diverse methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C demonstrates that the size of the knowledge base for pragmatics differs according to the database utilized. The US and the UK are among the top researchers in pragmatics research, however their rankings differ by database. This is due to pragmatics being multidisciplinary and interspersed with other disciplines.<br><br>It is therefore hard to classify the top authors in pragmatics solely based on the number of their publications. It is possible to identify influential authors by looking at their contributions to pragmatics. Bambini for instance, has contributed to pragmatics by introducing concepts such as conversational implicititure and politeness theories. Other highly influential authors in the field of pragmatics include Grice, Saul and Kasper.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics concentrates on the contexts and users of language use rather than focusing on reference to truth, grammar, or. It focuses on how a single phrase can be interpreted differently in different contexts. This includes ambiguity as well as indexicality. It also focuses primarily on the strategies employed by listeners to determine whether utterances have a communicative intent. It is closely connected to the theory of conversational implicature which was developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines is a matter of debate. While the distinction between these two disciplines is widely known, it isn't always clear where the lines should be drawn. For example, some philosophers have argued that the concept of sentence's meaning is a part of semantics while others have claimed that this sort of thing should be considered as a pragmatic issue.<br><br>Another controversy concerns whether pragmatics is a branch of philosophy of language or a subset of the study of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an independent field and should be treated as part of linguistics, along with the study of phonology. syntax, semantics etc. Others, however, have suggested that the study of pragmatics should be considered part of the philosophy of language since it deals with the ways that our concepts of the meanings and [https://socialwebconsult.com/story3397114/20-pragmatic-slot-experience-websites-taking-the-internet-by-storm 프라그마틱] functions of language influence our theories of how languages function.<br><br>The debate has been fuelled by a handful of questions that are essential to the study of pragmatics. For instance, some researchers have argued that pragmatics is not a subject in and of itself since it studies the ways that people interpret and  프라그마틱 환수율 ([https://whitebookmarks.com/story18156545/the-10-most-scariest-things-about-pragmatic-sugar-rush Whitebookmarks.Com]) use language, without being able to provide any information about what is actually being said. This kind of method is known as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that this research should be considered an academic discipline because it studies the ways that cultural and social factors influence the meaning and usage of language. This is called near-side pragmatism.<br><br>Other areas of discussion in pragmatics are the ways in which we understand the nature of the utterance interpretation process as an inferential process, and the importance that primary pragmatic processes play in the analysis of what is being spoken by an individual speaker in a sentence. These are the issues discussed a bit more extensively in the papers by Recanati and Bach. Both papers explore the notions a saturation and a free enrichment of the pragmatic. These are important pragmatic processes that influence the meaning of an utterance.<br><br>What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is how context affects linguistic meaning. It examines how language is used in social interactions, and the relationship between the interpreter and the speaker. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians.<br><br>Over the years, many different theories of pragmatism were developed. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, focus on the intention of communication of speakers. Relevance Theory, for example, focuses on the processes of understanding that take place when listeners interpret the meaning of utterances. Certain pragmatic approaches have been combined with other disciplines like cognitive science or philosophy.<br><br>There are also a variety of opinions on the boundary between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers, like Morris, believe that semantics and pragmatics are two distinct subjects. He states that semantics is concerned with the relationship of signs to objects they may or [https://bookmarkjourney.com/story18133857/how-to-outsmart-your-boss-on-free-pragmatic 프라그마틱 이미지] not denote, while pragmatics deals with the use of words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers, like Bach and Harnish have suggested that pragmatics is a subfield within semantics. They differentiate between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concerns the content of what is said, while far-side focuses on the logic implications of uttering a phrase. They argue that semantics is already determining certain aspects of the meaning of an utterance, while other pragmatics are determined by pragmatic processes.<br><br>The context is one of the most important aspects of pragmatics. This means that the same utterance could have different meanings in different contexts, based on things like ambiguity and indexicality. Other factors that could alter the meaning of an utterance are the structure of the speech, the speaker's intentions and beliefs, as well as expectations of the listener.<br><br>A second aspect of pragmatics is its cultural specificity. This is due to different cultures having their own rules regarding what is appropriate to say in different situations. For example, it is polite in some cultures to keep eye contact while it is rude in other cultures.<br><br>There are various perspectives on pragmatics and lots of research is being conducted in this field. The main areas of research are computational and formal pragmatics; theoretical and experimental pragmatics; intercultural and cross-linguistic pragmatics; as well as pragmatics that are experimental and clinical.<br><br>How does free Pragmatics compare to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics is concerned with how meaning is communicated through the language used in its context. It analyzes the way in which the speaker's intentions and beliefs contribute to interpretation, and focuses less on grammatical features of the utterance instead of what is being said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians. The subject of pragmatics has a link to other areas of the study of linguistics like syntax and semantics or philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent times, the field of pragmatics developed in many different directions. These include computational linguistics as well as conversational pragmatics. There is a variety of research in these areas, which address issues such as the role of lexical characteristics as well as the interaction between language and discourse, and the nature of the concept of meaning.<br><br>One of the main issues in the philosophical debate of pragmatics is whether it is possible to have an exhaustive, systematic view of the semantics/pragmatics interface. Some philosophers have argued it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have claimed that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is unclear and that pragmatics and semantics are really the identical.<br><br>The debate between these positions is often an ongoing debate scholars argue that certain events are a part of semantics or pragmatics. Some scholars say that if a statement is interpreted with an actual truth conditional meaning, it's semantics. Others argue that the fact that a statement can be interpreted in different ways is pragmatics.<br><br>Other researchers in pragmatics have taken a different approach and argue that the truth-conditional meaning of an utterance is just one of the many ways that the utterance may be interpreted, and that all interpretations are valid. This method is often known as far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Recent research in pragmatics has attempted to combine semantic and far side approaches. It attempts to capture the full range of interpretational possibilities for a speaker's utterance by demonstrating how the speaker's beliefs as well as intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine a Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological advances from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will entertain many possible exhausted interpretations of an speech that is a part of the universal FCI Any, and that is why the exclusiveness implicature is so strong compared to other plausible implications.
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics studies the connection between language and context. It asks questions like What do people really think when they use words?<br><br>It's a philosophies of practical and reasonable action. It is in contrast to idealism which is the idea that one should stick to their beliefs regardless of what.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the ways that people who speak gain meaning from and each one another. It is typically thought of as a part of the language however, it differs from semantics in that pragmatics examines what the user is trying to convey rather than what the meaning actually is.<br><br>As a field of study it is comparatively new and its research has grown rapidly in the last few decades. It is a linguistics-related academic field, but it has also influenced research in other areas like sociolinguistics, psychology and anthropology.<br><br>There are a variety of perspectives on pragmatics, and they have contributed to its growth and development. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics, which focuses on the notion of intention and how it interacts with the speaker's understanding of the listener's. Other perspectives on pragmatics include the conceptual and lexical approaches to pragmatics. These views have contributed to the diversity of topics that pragmatics researchers have investigated.<br><br>The research in pragmatics has covered a vast range topics, such as L2 pragmatic comprehension and request production by EFL students, and the significance of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It has also been applied to social and cultural phenomena, such as political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Researchers in pragmatics have used a wide range of methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The size of the knowledge base in pragmatics differs according to the database, as illustrated in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are among the top researchers in pragmatics research, however their positions differ based on the database. This difference is due to the fact that pragmatics is a multidisciplinary field that intersects with other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to rank the top authors of pragmatics by their number of publications alone. However it is possible to identify the most influential authors through analyzing their contributions to pragmatics. For instance,  [https://bbs.airav.asia/home.php?mod=space&uid=2268980 프라그마틱 슬롯 추천] Bambini's contribution to pragmatics has led to concepts such as conversational implicature, and politeness theory. Other authors who have been influential in the field of pragmatics are Grice, Saul and Kasper.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on the users and [https://sovren.media/u/mistpigeon7/ 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료체험] contexts of language usage instead of focusing on reference, truth, or grammar. It focuses on the ways in which an expression can be understood as meaning different things from different contexts and also those caused by indexicality or ambiguity. It also focuses on the strategies that hearers use to determine which phrases are intended to be a communication. It is closely connected to the theory of conversative implicature which was pioneered by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines is a matter of debate. While the distinction between these two disciplines is widely recognized, it's not always clear where the lines should be drawn. Some philosophers believe that the notion of meaning of sentences is a part of semantics, whereas others insist that this particular problem should be considered pragmatic.<br><br>Another area of controversy is whether the study of pragmatics is a branch of linguistics or as a component of philosophy of language. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is a field in its own right and that it should be treated as a distinct part of linguistics alongside phonology, syntax, semantics and so on. Others, however, have suggested that the study of pragmatics should be considered an aspect of philosophy of language since it deals with the ways in which our concepts of the meaning and uses of language affect our theories of how languages function.<br><br>There are a few major aspects of the study of pragmatics that have fuelled the debate. Some scholars have argued for instance that pragmatics isn't an academic discipline in and  [https://www.google.co.ls/url?q=https://aiwins.wiki/wiki/Ten_Things_You_Learned_In_Kindergarden_To_Help_You_Get_Started_With_Pragmatic 프라그마틱 플레이] of itself since it examines how people interpret and use the language, without necessarily referring back to facts about what was actually said. This kind of method is known as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that this study is a discipline in its own right because it examines the manner the meaning and usage of language is dependent on cultural and social factors. This is known as near-side pragmatism.<br><br>Other areas of discussion in pragmatics are the ways we think about the nature of utterance interpretation as an inferential process, and the importance that primary pragmatic processes play in the determination of what is said by the speaker in a particular sentence. These are the issues more thoroughly discussed in the papers by Recanati and Bach. Both papers explore the notions saturation and free enrichment in the context of a pragmatic. These are significant pragmatic processes that influence the meaning of utterances.<br><br>What is the difference between free and [http://tx160.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=1059096 프라그마틱 추천] explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on how context affects linguistic meaning. It studies the way that humans use language in social interactions and the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians.<br><br>A variety of theories of pragmatics have been developed over time. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, concentrate on the communication intention of a speaker. Others, such as Relevance Theory concentrate on the understanding processes that occur during the interpretation of utterances by hearers. Some pragmatic approaches have been incorporated with other disciplines, like philosophy or cognitive science.<br><br>There are different opinions about the line between pragmatics and semantics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two distinct topics. He says that semantics deals with the relation of signs to objects which they may or not denote, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the usage of words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers, like Bach and Harnish have also argued that pragmatics is a subfield of semantics. They distinguish between 'near-side' and 'far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concerns what is said, whereas far-side is focused on the logical implications of saying something. They claim that some of the 'pragmatics' of an expression are already determined by semantics, while the rest is determined by pragmatic processes of inference.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is contextually dependent. This means that a single utterance could have different meanings based on factors like ambiguity or indexicality. Discourse structure,  [https://saveyoursite.date/story.php?title=3-ways-the-pragmatic-genuine-will-influence-your-life 프라그마틱 홈페이지] beliefs of the speaker and intentions, as well as expectations of the listener can alter the meaning of a word.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is its cultural specificity. It is because every culture has its own rules for what is acceptable in various situations. In certain cultures, it's considered polite to keep eye contact. In other cultures, it's rude.<br><br>There are many different perspectives on pragmatics and lots of research is being conducted in this field. Some of the most important areas of study are: formal and computational pragmatics; theoretical and [http://wiki.team2102.org/index.php?title=Responsible_For_An_Pragmatic_Budget_12_Top_Notch_Ways_To_Spend_Your_Money 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료체험] experimental pragmatics; intercultural and cross-linguistic pragmatics; pragmatics that are experimental and clinical.<br><br>How does free Pragmatics compare to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The linguistic discipline of pragmatics is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed through the use of language in a context. It focuses less on the grammatical structure of an speech and more on what the speaker is actually saying. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians. The subject of pragmatics is related to other linguistics areas, such as semantics, syntax, and philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years the field of pragmatics has grown in a variety of directions, including computational linguistics, pragmatics of conversation, and theoretic pragmatics. These areas are characterized by a wide variety of research, which focuses on issues like lexical characteristics and the interaction between language, [https://hikvisiondb.webcam/wiki/Woodardegeberg3539 프라그마틱 플레이] discourse, and meaning.<br><br>In the philosophical debate about pragmatism one of the main questions is whether it is possible to provide a thorough and systematic explanation of the relationship between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers have claimed it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have suggested that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is ill-defined and that semantics and pragmatics are actually the same thing.<br><br>The debate over these positions is usually a tussle, with scholars arguing that particular phenomena fall under the umbrella of semantics or pragmatics. For example certain scholars argue that if an utterance has a literal truth-conditional meaning then it is semantics, whereas others believe that the fact that an utterance could be interpreted in different ways is pragmatics.<br><br>Other researchers in pragmatics have taken a different approach, arguing that the truth-conditional meaning of an expression is just one of the many ways in which the word can be interpreted, and that all of these interpretations are valid. This approach is often called far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Recent research in pragmatics has sought to combine semantic and far side approaches. It attempts to represent the entire range of interpretive possibilities that a speaker's speech can offer, by modeling the way in which the speaker's beliefs and intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. The 2019 version is a Gricean model of the Rational Speech Act framework, with technical innovations developed by Franke and Bergen. This model predicts that listeners will be able to consider a variety of possible exhaustified interpretations of an utterance containing the universal FCI any, and that this is what makes the exclusiveness implicature so strong when in comparison to other possible implicatures.

Latest revision as of 07:51, 5 February 2025

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics studies the connection between language and context. It asks questions like What do people really think when they use words?

It's a philosophies of practical and reasonable action. It is in contrast to idealism which is the idea that one should stick to their beliefs regardless of what.

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of the ways that people who speak gain meaning from and each one another. It is typically thought of as a part of the language however, it differs from semantics in that pragmatics examines what the user is trying to convey rather than what the meaning actually is.

As a field of study it is comparatively new and its research has grown rapidly in the last few decades. It is a linguistics-related academic field, but it has also influenced research in other areas like sociolinguistics, psychology and anthropology.

There are a variety of perspectives on pragmatics, and they have contributed to its growth and development. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics, which focuses on the notion of intention and how it interacts with the speaker's understanding of the listener's. Other perspectives on pragmatics include the conceptual and lexical approaches to pragmatics. These views have contributed to the diversity of topics that pragmatics researchers have investigated.

The research in pragmatics has covered a vast range topics, such as L2 pragmatic comprehension and request production by EFL students, and the significance of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It has also been applied to social and cultural phenomena, such as political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Researchers in pragmatics have used a wide range of methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.

The size of the knowledge base in pragmatics differs according to the database, as illustrated in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are among the top researchers in pragmatics research, however their positions differ based on the database. This difference is due to the fact that pragmatics is a multidisciplinary field that intersects with other disciplines.

This makes it difficult to rank the top authors of pragmatics by their number of publications alone. However it is possible to identify the most influential authors through analyzing their contributions to pragmatics. For instance, 프라그마틱 슬롯 추천 Bambini's contribution to pragmatics has led to concepts such as conversational implicature, and politeness theory. Other authors who have been influential in the field of pragmatics are Grice, Saul and Kasper.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics focuses on the users and 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료체험 contexts of language usage instead of focusing on reference, truth, or grammar. It focuses on the ways in which an expression can be understood as meaning different things from different contexts and also those caused by indexicality or ambiguity. It also focuses on the strategies that hearers use to determine which phrases are intended to be a communication. It is closely connected to the theory of conversative implicature which was pioneered by Paul Grice.

The boundaries between these two disciplines is a matter of debate. While the distinction between these two disciplines is widely recognized, it's not always clear where the lines should be drawn. Some philosophers believe that the notion of meaning of sentences is a part of semantics, whereas others insist that this particular problem should be considered pragmatic.

Another area of controversy is whether the study of pragmatics is a branch of linguistics or as a component of philosophy of language. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is a field in its own right and that it should be treated as a distinct part of linguistics alongside phonology, syntax, semantics and so on. Others, however, have suggested that the study of pragmatics should be considered an aspect of philosophy of language since it deals with the ways in which our concepts of the meaning and uses of language affect our theories of how languages function.

There are a few major aspects of the study of pragmatics that have fuelled the debate. Some scholars have argued for instance that pragmatics isn't an academic discipline in and 프라그마틱 플레이 of itself since it examines how people interpret and use the language, without necessarily referring back to facts about what was actually said. This kind of method is known as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that this study is a discipline in its own right because it examines the manner the meaning and usage of language is dependent on cultural and social factors. This is known as near-side pragmatism.

Other areas of discussion in pragmatics are the ways we think about the nature of utterance interpretation as an inferential process, and the importance that primary pragmatic processes play in the determination of what is said by the speaker in a particular sentence. These are the issues more thoroughly discussed in the papers by Recanati and Bach. Both papers explore the notions saturation and free enrichment in the context of a pragmatic. These are significant pragmatic processes that influence the meaning of utterances.

What is the difference between free and 프라그마틱 추천 explanatory Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics focuses on how context affects linguistic meaning. It studies the way that humans use language in social interactions and the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians.

A variety of theories of pragmatics have been developed over time. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, concentrate on the communication intention of a speaker. Others, such as Relevance Theory concentrate on the understanding processes that occur during the interpretation of utterances by hearers. Some pragmatic approaches have been incorporated with other disciplines, like philosophy or cognitive science.

There are different opinions about the line between pragmatics and semantics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two distinct topics. He says that semantics deals with the relation of signs to objects which they may or not denote, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the usage of words in context.

Other philosophers, like Bach and Harnish have also argued that pragmatics is a subfield of semantics. They distinguish between 'near-side' and 'far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concerns what is said, whereas far-side is focused on the logical implications of saying something. They claim that some of the 'pragmatics' of an expression are already determined by semantics, while the rest is determined by pragmatic processes of inference.

One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is contextually dependent. This means that a single utterance could have different meanings based on factors like ambiguity or indexicality. Discourse structure, 프라그마틱 홈페이지 beliefs of the speaker and intentions, as well as expectations of the listener can alter the meaning of a word.

Another aspect of pragmatics is its cultural specificity. It is because every culture has its own rules for what is acceptable in various situations. In certain cultures, it's considered polite to keep eye contact. In other cultures, it's rude.

There are many different perspectives on pragmatics and lots of research is being conducted in this field. Some of the most important areas of study are: formal and computational pragmatics; theoretical and 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료체험 experimental pragmatics; intercultural and cross-linguistic pragmatics; pragmatics that are experimental and clinical.

How does free Pragmatics compare to Explanatory Pragmatics?

The linguistic discipline of pragmatics is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed through the use of language in a context. It focuses less on the grammatical structure of an speech and more on what the speaker is actually saying. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians. The subject of pragmatics is related to other linguistics areas, such as semantics, syntax, and philosophy of language.

In recent years the field of pragmatics has grown in a variety of directions, including computational linguistics, pragmatics of conversation, and theoretic pragmatics. These areas are characterized by a wide variety of research, which focuses on issues like lexical characteristics and the interaction between language, 프라그마틱 플레이 discourse, and meaning.

In the philosophical debate about pragmatism one of the main questions is whether it is possible to provide a thorough and systematic explanation of the relationship between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers have claimed it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have suggested that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is ill-defined and that semantics and pragmatics are actually the same thing.

The debate over these positions is usually a tussle, with scholars arguing that particular phenomena fall under the umbrella of semantics or pragmatics. For example certain scholars argue that if an utterance has a literal truth-conditional meaning then it is semantics, whereas others believe that the fact that an utterance could be interpreted in different ways is pragmatics.

Other researchers in pragmatics have taken a different approach, arguing that the truth-conditional meaning of an expression is just one of the many ways in which the word can be interpreted, and that all of these interpretations are valid. This approach is often called far-side pragmatics.

Recent research in pragmatics has sought to combine semantic and far side approaches. It attempts to represent the entire range of interpretive possibilities that a speaker's speech can offer, by modeling the way in which the speaker's beliefs and intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. The 2019 version is a Gricean model of the Rational Speech Act framework, with technical innovations developed by Franke and Bergen. This model predicts that listeners will be able to consider a variety of possible exhaustified interpretations of an utterance containing the universal FCI any, and that this is what makes the exclusiveness implicature so strong when in comparison to other possible implicatures.