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Created page with "What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the relationship between language, context and meaning. It deals with questions like What do people mean by the terms they use?<br><br>It's a way of thinking that focuses on sensible and practical actions. It differs from idealism which is the belief that one should stick to their beliefs regardless of what.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on how language users communicate and interac..."
 
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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the relationship between language, context and meaning. It deals with questions like What do people mean by the terms they use?<br><br>It's a way of thinking that focuses on sensible and practical actions. It differs from idealism which is the belief that one should stick to their beliefs regardless of what.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on how language users communicate and interact with each with one another. It is often viewed as a part of language, although it differs from semantics in that pragmatics studies what the user intends to convey, not what the meaning actually is.<br><br>As a field of research, pragmatics is relatively young and its research has grown rapidly over the last few decades. It is primarily an academic area of study within linguistics, however it also influences research in other fields like psychology, speech-language pathology, sociolinguistics and the study of anthropology.<br><br>There are a myriad of approaches to pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this field. One is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which focuses on the notions of intention and the interaction with the speaker's understanding of the listener's understanding. Other perspectives on pragmatics include the conceptual and lexical approaches to pragmatics. These views have contributed to the variety of topics that pragmatics researchers have researched.<br><br>The study of pragmatics has covered a vast range of subjects, [https://webcastlist.com/story19402917/15-ideas-for-gifts-for-the-pragmatic-play-lover-in-your-life 프라그마틱 정품확인] including pragmatic understanding in L2 and request production by EFL students, as well as the importance of the theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It has been applied to cultural and social phenomena such as political discourse, discriminatory speech and interpersonal communication. Researchers studying pragmatics have employed various methods from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C shows that the size of the knowledge base for pragmatics varies depending on the database used. The US and the UK are two of the top contributors in the field of pragmatics research. However, their position differs based on the database. This is due to pragmatics being a multidisciplinary area that intersects other disciplines.<br><br>It is therefore hard to classify the best pragmatics authors solely by the number of their publications. However it is possible to identify the most influential authors by examining their contributions to the field of pragmatics. Bambini is one example. He has contributed to pragmatics by introducing concepts like conversational implicititure and politeness theories. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are the most influential authors of the field of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics concentrates on the contexts and users of language usage instead of focusing on reference, truth, or grammar. It focuses on how one utterance may be understood differently in different contexts. This includes ambiguity as well as indexicality. It also focuses primarily on the strategies employed by listeners to determine whether utterances have a communicative intent. It is closely related to the theory of conversational implicature,  [https://socialistener.com/story3674997/how-do-you-know-if-you-re-prepared-for-pragmatic-ranking 프라그마틱 정품 사이트] developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines is a matter of debate. While the distinction is widely recognized, it's not always clear how they should be drawn. Some philosophers argue that the notion of meaning of sentences is a part of semantics, whereas other argue that this kind of issue should be viewed as pragmatic.<br><br>Another issue is whether pragmatics is a subfield of philosophy of language or a part of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is a subject in its own right and that it should be considered an independent part of the field of linguistics along with syntax, phonology, semantics and so on. Others have argued that the study of pragmatics is a component of philosophy since it deals with how our ideas about meaning and uses of languages influence our theories of how languages function.<br><br>This debate has been fueled by a number of key issues that are fundamental to the study of pragmatics. Some scholars have argued for instance that pragmatics isn't a discipline in its own right because it studies how people perceive and use language without necessarily referring to facts about what actually was said. This kind of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that the subject is a discipline in its own right because it examines the ways in which the meaning and use of language is influenced by social and cultural factors. This is called near-side pragmatics.<br><br>Other topics of discussion in pragmatics include the way we think about the nature of utterance interpretation as an inferential process, and the importance that primary pragmatic processes play in the analysis of what is said by an individual speaker in a sentence. These are topics that are addressed in greater detail in the papers written by Recanati and Bach. Both papers deal with the notions of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment, which are crucial pragmatic processes in the sense that they help to shape the meaning of an utterance.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Different from Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the role that context plays to the meaning of a language. It evaluates how human language is used in social interactions, as well as the relationship between the speaker and the interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists that focus on pragmatics.<br><br>Over the years, many different theories of pragmatism have been proposed. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, concentrate on the intention of communication of the speaker. Others, such as Relevance Theory concentrate on the understanding processes that occur during the interpretation of utterances by listeners. Certain approaches to pragmatics have been merged with other disciplines, such as cognitive science and philosophy.<br><br>There are also a variety of views on the borderline between semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two different topics. He states that semantics is concerned with the relation of signs to objects they may or not denote, while pragmatics deals with the use of the words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers such as Bach and Harnish have suggested that pragmatism is an subfield within semantics. They distinguish between 'nearside and 'far-side' pragmatism. Near-side pragmatics focuses on what is said, whereas far-side focuses on the logical implications of uttering a phrase. They claim that semantics already determines some of the pragmatics of a statement, whereas other pragmatics is determined by pragmatic processes.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is a context-dependent phenomenon. This means that the same utterance could have different meanings in different contexts, depending on things like ambiguity and indexicality. Other things that can change the meaning of an utterance include discourse structure, speaker intentions and beliefs, as well as the expectations of the listener.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is its particularity to the culture. This is because each culture has its own rules regarding what is acceptable in various situations. In certain cultures, it's acceptable to look at each other. In other cultures, it's considered rude.<br><br>There are a variety of views of pragmatics, and lots of research is being conducted in the field. There are a variety of areas of research, including computational and formal pragmatics as well as experimental and theoretical pragmatics, cross and intercultural pragmatics of language, as well as pragmatics that are experimental and clinical.<br><br>How does free Pragmatics compare to explanation Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics in linguistics is concerned with how meaning is conveyed by language use in context. It focuses less on the grammatical structure of the spoken word and more on what the speaker is saying. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians. The subject of pragmatics has a link to other areas of the study of linguistics like syntax and semantics, or philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent times the field of pragmatics has developed in many different directions. This includes computational linguistics and conversational pragmatics. There is a wide range of research that is conducted in these areas, which address issues such as the significance of lexical features as well as the interaction between discourse and language, [https://tornadosocial.com/story3718784/its-history-of-pragmatic-free-game 프라그마틱 이미지] [https://getsocialsource.com/story3609717/a-brief-history-history-of-pragmatic-kr 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료]체험 메타 ([https://enrollbookmarks.com/story18248707/9-signs-you-re-the-pragmatic-official-website-expert click this link now]) and the nature of meaning itself.<br><br>One of the most important issues in the philosophical debate of pragmatics is whether or not it is possible to develop a rigorous, systematic account of the semantics/pragmatics interface. Some philosophers have claimed that it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued the distinction between pragmatics and semantics isn't well-defined and that they're the same.<br><br>It is not uncommon for scholars to debate back and forth between these two positions, arguing that certain phenomena are either semantics or pragmatics. For example certain scholars argue that if an expression has an actual truth-conditional meaning, then it is semantics, while others believe that the fact that an utterance could be interpreted in different ways is pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have taken an alternative route. They argue that the truth-conditional interpretation of a sentence is just one of the many possible interpretations and that they are all valid. This approach is sometimes referred to as "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Some recent work in pragmatics has sought to integrate semantic and far-side approaches in an effort to comprehend the full scope of the possibilities for interpretation of a utterance by demonstrating how the speaker's beliefs and intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. The 2019 version is an Gricean model of the Rational Speech Act framework, with technical innovations developed by Franke and [https://kingbookmark.com/story18362921/20-resources-to-make-you-more-efficient-at-pragmatic-official-website 프라그마틱 슬롯] Bergen. The model predicts that listeners will be entertained by a variety of exhausted interpretations of an speech that is a part of the universal FCI Any, and this is the reason why the exclusiveness implicature is so robust when compared to other plausible implications.
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is a study of the relationship between context and language. It asks questions like: What do people really mean when they speak in terms?<br><br>It's a philosophies of practical and reasonable actions. It is in contrast to idealism which is the idea that one must adhere to their beliefs no matter what.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics examines the way that language users interact and communicate with each with one another. It is often thought of as a component of language, however it differs from semantics because pragmatics focuses on what the user wants to convey, not on what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a research field, pragmatics is relatively young and its research has grown rapidly over the last few decades. It is a linguistics academic field, but it has also influenced research in other areas like sociolinguistics, psychology and Anthropology.<br><br>There are a variety of methods of pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this field. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics which is focused on the concept of intention and how it affects the speaker's knowledge of the listener's understanding. The lexical and concept approaches to pragmatics are also perspectives on the subject. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of subjects that pragmatics researchers have studied.<br><br>The study of pragmatics has covered a broad range of subjects, including pragmatic comprehension in L2 and demand production by EFL students, and the significance of the theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It has been applied to cultural and social phenomena like political discourse, discriminatory speech and interpersonal communication. Researchers studying pragmatics have employed diverse methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The size of the knowledge base in pragmatics varies according to the database, as illustrated in Figure 9A-C. The US and UK are two of the top performers in the field of pragmatics research. However, their position varies depending on the database. This difference is due to the fact that pragmatics is an interconnected field that is inextricably linked with other disciplines.<br><br>It is therefore difficult to determine the top authors in pragmatics solely according to the quantity of their publications. It is possible to identify influential authors by looking at their contributions to pragmatics. Bambini, for example, has contributed to pragmatics with concepts like politeness theories and conversational implicititure. Other authors who have been influential in pragmatics include Grice, Saul and Kasper.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and users of language as opposed to the study of truth grammar, reference, or. It focuses on how one phrase can be interpreted differently in different contexts. This includes ambiguity and indexicality. It also focuses on methods that listeners employ to determine whether utterances are intended to be communicative. It is closely linked to the theory of conversational implicature pioneered by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines are a matter of debate. While the distinction is widely recognized, it's not always clear where the lines should be drawn. Some philosophers believe that the concept of sentence meaning is a part of semantics, whereas other insist that this particular problem should be considered pragmatic.<br><br>Another issue that has been a source of contention is whether the study of pragmatics is a branch of linguistics or a part of the philosophy of language. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is an autonomous discipline and should be treated as part of linguistics alongside phonology. syntax, semantics etc. Others, however, have claimed that the study of pragmatics is an aspect of philosophy of language since it focuses on the ways that our concepts of the meaning and uses of language influence our theories of how languages work.<br><br>The debate has been fuelled by a handful of issues that are central to the study of pragmatism. For instance, some researchers have suggested that pragmatics isn't an academic discipline in its own right because it studies the ways that people interpret and use language, without being able to provide any information regarding what is actually being said. This type of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that the study should be considered a discipline in its own right because it examines the manner the meaning and use of language is influenced by social and cultural factors. This is referred to as near-side pragmatics.<br><br>The field of pragmatics also discusses the inferential nature and meaning of utterances, as well as the role of primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker is saying in the sentence. Recanati and Bach discuss these topics in more in depth. Both papers explore the notions a saturation and a free pragmatic enrichment. These are crucial processes that influence the meaning of utterances.<br><br>What is the difference between free and explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics examines how the context affects the meaning of linguistics. It studies the way that human language is used during social interaction as well as the relationship between the speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists that focus on pragmatics.<br><br>Many different theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, focus on the intention of communication of the speaker. Others, like Relevance Theory concentrate on the processes of understanding that occur during the interpretation of utterances by hearers. Some approaches to pragmatics have been combined with other disciplines, like philosophy and cognitive science.<br><br>There are also differing views on the borderline of pragmatics and semantics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that semantics and pragmatism are two different topics. He says that semantics deals with the relation of words to objects that they could or not denote, whereas pragmatics deals with the use of words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers, like Bach and Harnish, have argued that pragmatics is a field that is part of semantics. They define "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics is concerned with what is said while far-side focuses on the logical implications of saying something. They believe that a portion of the 'pragmatics' that accompany the words spoken are already determined by semantics while other 'pragmatics' are determined by pragmatic processes of inference.<br><br>The context is one of the most important aspects in pragmatics. This means that a single utterance can have different meanings based on factors like indexicality or ambiguity. Discourse structure, speaker beliefs and intentions, as well expectations of the audience can also alter the meaning of a phrase.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is a matter of culture. This is because different cultures have their own rules regarding what is appropriate to say in different situations. In some cultures, it's considered polite to make eye contact. In other cultures, it's rude.<br><br>There are a variety of views of pragmatics, [https://www.nlvbang.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=225078 프라그마틱 슬롯 사이트] 슬롯 [https://rock8899.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=2654250 무료 프라그마틱]체험, [http://zhongneng.net.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=298489 have a peek at these guys], and lots of research is conducted in this field. There are a myriad of areas of study, including computational and formal pragmatics, theoretical and experimental pragmatics, intercultural and cross pragmatics of language, as well as clinical and experimentative pragmatics.<br><br>What is the relationship between Free Pragmatics and to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The linguistic discipline of pragmatics is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed by language use in context. It evaluates how the speaker's intentions and beliefs affect the interpretation, focusing less on grammatical features of the utterance rather than what is said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians. The subject of pragmatics is connected to other areas of linguistics, such as syntax, semantics, and philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years the field of pragmatics has grown in several different directions, including computational linguistics, conversational pragmatics, and theoretical pragmatics. There is a variety of research conducted in these areas, with a focus on topics like the importance of lexical characteristics and  프라그마틱 슬롯 환수율 ([https://images.google.ms/url?q=https://flores-edwards.blogbright.net/10-top-mobile-apps-for-pragmatic-casino https://images.google.Ms]) the interaction between language and discourse, and the nature of the concept of meaning.<br><br>In the philosophical debate about pragmatism one of the most important issues is whether it is possible to give a rigorous and systematic explanation of the interplay between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers have argued that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have suggested that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is not clear and that semantics and pragmatics are actually the same thing.<br><br>It is not uncommon for scholars to debate back and forth between these two positions, arguing that certain phenomena fall under either pragmatics or semantics. Some scholars argue that if a statement is interpreted with an actual truth conditional meaning, it is semantics. Others contend that the fact that a statement could be interpreted in different ways is pragmatics.<br><br>Other researchers in the field of pragmatics have taken a different stance and argue that the truth-conditional meaning a utterance has is just one of the many ways in which an word can be interpreted, and that all of these interpretations are valid. This approach is often referred to as far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Some recent work in pragmatics has attempted to combine semantic and far-side approaches, attempting to capture the entire range of possibilities of an utterance's interpretation by modeling how a speaker's beliefs and intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. The 2019 version is a Gricean model of the Rational Speech Act framework, and technological advances developed by Franke and Bergen. The model predicts that listeners will entertain many possible exhausted parses of a speech that is a part of the universal FCI Any, and this is the reason why the exclusivity implicature is so reliable when compared to other plausible implications.

Revision as of 14:39, 24 December 2024

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is a study of the relationship between context and language. It asks questions like: What do people really mean when they speak in terms?

It's a philosophies of practical and reasonable actions. It is in contrast to idealism which is the idea that one must adhere to their beliefs no matter what.

What is Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics examines the way that language users interact and communicate with each with one another. It is often thought of as a component of language, however it differs from semantics because pragmatics focuses on what the user wants to convey, not on what the actual meaning is.

As a research field, pragmatics is relatively young and its research has grown rapidly over the last few decades. It is a linguistics academic field, but it has also influenced research in other areas like sociolinguistics, psychology and Anthropology.

There are a variety of methods of pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this field. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics which is focused on the concept of intention and how it affects the speaker's knowledge of the listener's understanding. The lexical and concept approaches to pragmatics are also perspectives on the subject. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of subjects that pragmatics researchers have studied.

The study of pragmatics has covered a broad range of subjects, including pragmatic comprehension in L2 and demand production by EFL students, and the significance of the theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It has been applied to cultural and social phenomena like political discourse, discriminatory speech and interpersonal communication. Researchers studying pragmatics have employed diverse methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.

The size of the knowledge base in pragmatics varies according to the database, as illustrated in Figure 9A-C. The US and UK are two of the top performers in the field of pragmatics research. However, their position varies depending on the database. This difference is due to the fact that pragmatics is an interconnected field that is inextricably linked with other disciplines.

It is therefore difficult to determine the top authors in pragmatics solely according to the quantity of their publications. It is possible to identify influential authors by looking at their contributions to pragmatics. Bambini, for example, has contributed to pragmatics with concepts like politeness theories and conversational implicititure. Other authors who have been influential in pragmatics include Grice, Saul and Kasper.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and users of language as opposed to the study of truth grammar, reference, or. It focuses on how one phrase can be interpreted differently in different contexts. This includes ambiguity and indexicality. It also focuses on methods that listeners employ to determine whether utterances are intended to be communicative. It is closely linked to the theory of conversational implicature pioneered by Paul Grice.

The boundaries between these two disciplines are a matter of debate. While the distinction is widely recognized, it's not always clear where the lines should be drawn. Some philosophers believe that the concept of sentence meaning is a part of semantics, whereas other insist that this particular problem should be considered pragmatic.

Another issue that has been a source of contention is whether the study of pragmatics is a branch of linguistics or a part of the philosophy of language. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is an autonomous discipline and should be treated as part of linguistics alongside phonology. syntax, semantics etc. Others, however, have claimed that the study of pragmatics is an aspect of philosophy of language since it focuses on the ways that our concepts of the meaning and uses of language influence our theories of how languages work.

The debate has been fuelled by a handful of issues that are central to the study of pragmatism. For instance, some researchers have suggested that pragmatics isn't an academic discipline in its own right because it studies the ways that people interpret and use language, without being able to provide any information regarding what is actually being said. This type of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that the study should be considered a discipline in its own right because it examines the manner the meaning and use of language is influenced by social and cultural factors. This is referred to as near-side pragmatics.

The field of pragmatics also discusses the inferential nature and meaning of utterances, as well as the role of primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker is saying in the sentence. Recanati and Bach discuss these topics in more in depth. Both papers explore the notions a saturation and a free pragmatic enrichment. These are crucial processes that influence the meaning of utterances.

What is the difference between free and explanatory Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics examines how the context affects the meaning of linguistics. It studies the way that human language is used during social interaction as well as the relationship between the speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists that focus on pragmatics.

Many different theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, focus on the intention of communication of the speaker. Others, like Relevance Theory concentrate on the processes of understanding that occur during the interpretation of utterances by hearers. Some approaches to pragmatics have been combined with other disciplines, like philosophy and cognitive science.

There are also differing views on the borderline of pragmatics and semantics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that semantics and pragmatism are two different topics. He says that semantics deals with the relation of words to objects that they could or not denote, whereas pragmatics deals with the use of words in context.

Other philosophers, like Bach and Harnish, have argued that pragmatics is a field that is part of semantics. They define "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics is concerned with what is said while far-side focuses on the logical implications of saying something. They believe that a portion of the 'pragmatics' that accompany the words spoken are already determined by semantics while other 'pragmatics' are determined by pragmatic processes of inference.

The context is one of the most important aspects in pragmatics. This means that a single utterance can have different meanings based on factors like indexicality or ambiguity. Discourse structure, speaker beliefs and intentions, as well expectations of the audience can also alter the meaning of a phrase.

Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is a matter of culture. This is because different cultures have their own rules regarding what is appropriate to say in different situations. In some cultures, it's considered polite to make eye contact. In other cultures, it's rude.

There are a variety of views of pragmatics, 프라그마틱 슬롯 사이트 슬롯 무료 프라그마틱체험, have a peek at these guys, and lots of research is conducted in this field. There are a myriad of areas of study, including computational and formal pragmatics, theoretical and experimental pragmatics, intercultural and cross pragmatics of language, as well as clinical and experimentative pragmatics.

What is the relationship between Free Pragmatics and to Explanatory Pragmatics?

The linguistic discipline of pragmatics is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed by language use in context. It evaluates how the speaker's intentions and beliefs affect the interpretation, focusing less on grammatical features of the utterance rather than what is said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians. The subject of pragmatics is connected to other areas of linguistics, such as syntax, semantics, and philosophy of language.

In recent years the field of pragmatics has grown in several different directions, including computational linguistics, conversational pragmatics, and theoretical pragmatics. There is a variety of research conducted in these areas, with a focus on topics like the importance of lexical characteristics and 프라그마틱 슬롯 환수율 (https://images.google.Ms) the interaction between language and discourse, and the nature of the concept of meaning.

In the philosophical debate about pragmatism one of the most important issues is whether it is possible to give a rigorous and systematic explanation of the interplay between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers have argued that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have suggested that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is not clear and that semantics and pragmatics are actually the same thing.

It is not uncommon for scholars to debate back and forth between these two positions, arguing that certain phenomena fall under either pragmatics or semantics. Some scholars argue that if a statement is interpreted with an actual truth conditional meaning, it is semantics. Others contend that the fact that a statement could be interpreted in different ways is pragmatics.

Other researchers in the field of pragmatics have taken a different stance and argue that the truth-conditional meaning a utterance has is just one of the many ways in which an word can be interpreted, and that all of these interpretations are valid. This approach is often referred to as far-side pragmatics.

Some recent work in pragmatics has attempted to combine semantic and far-side approaches, attempting to capture the entire range of possibilities of an utterance's interpretation by modeling how a speaker's beliefs and intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. The 2019 version is a Gricean model of the Rational Speech Act framework, and technological advances developed by Franke and Bergen. The model predicts that listeners will entertain many possible exhausted parses of a speech that is a part of the universal FCI Any, and this is the reason why the exclusivity implicature is so reliable when compared to other plausible implications.